CVE-2026-89481 (GCVE-0-2026-89481)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 19:43 – Updated: 2026-10-30 12:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nvme-tcp: fix host memory disclosure on R2T for a read command
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nvme-tcp: fix host memory disclosure on R2T for a read command
nvme_tcp_handle_r2t() does not check the direction of the request the
R2T refers to. A malicious controller can send an R2T for a READ and
the host will answer it: nvme_tcp_setup_h2c_data_pdu() builds the
H2CData header and nvme_tcp_try_send_data() sends the request's data
buffer. That buffer is the READ destination, so its contents go to the
controller.
The command then completes normally and nothing is logged.
Against a test controller that answers every READ with an R2T, a 4096
byte buffered read returned all 4096 bytes, split over two R2Ts. The
pages contained stale kernel data, including an array of struct page
pointers.
Reject an R2T for a request that is not a write.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 19:22 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < effe898669c5f69ed519d6339be01ee9cd91d1a4
(git)
Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < 377aa04d7b3e73ffef6364818def188da8d6f025 (git) Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < 49a4dcf57608ebf6432dbcb203ed25e7ed581445 (git) Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < bc4013c7cce58d46f792c8c87bc8c8318a70190e (git) Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < a4c3c7310156493797c920b10d8648c07aa05403 (git) Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < 3b3d27670c0c890ba7cf1bc3614cab61bde6d25c (git) Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < 3a0b05145053a5fad1a2ddb4e4d87b07385e63e5 (git) Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < 6efbc52237facda35d2d874fe1765bb4839275d8 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.0 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.273 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.224 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.188 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.157 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.109 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.50 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2.4 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-11-04T23:57:40+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-89481",
"id": "CVE-2026-89481",
"initial_release_date": "2026-09-11T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "1324",
"product_status:known_affected": "24",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: nvme-tcp: fix host memory disclosure on R2T for a read command",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-89481.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-89481",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-16T19:22:35.614121Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T19:22:36.199Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/nvme/host/tcp.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "49a4dcf57608ebf6432dbcb203ed25e7ed581445",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
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{
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"version": "3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "3a0b05145053a5fad1a2ddb4e4d87b07385e63e5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6efbc52237facda35d2d874fe1765bb4839275d8",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796",
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}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/nvme/host/tcp.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "5.0"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.0",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.188",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.157",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.109",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.50",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.3",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.188",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.157",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.109",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvme-tcp: fix host memory disclosure on R2T for a read command\n\nnvme_tcp_handle_r2t() does not check the direction of the request the\nR2T refers to. A malicious controller can send an R2T for a READ and\nthe host will answer it: nvme_tcp_setup_h2c_data_pdu() builds the\nH2CData header and nvme_tcp_try_send_data() sends the request\u0027s data\nbuffer. That buffer is the READ destination, so its contents go to the\ncontroller.\n\nThe command then completes normally and nothing is logged.\n\nAgainst a test controller that answers every READ with an R2T, a 4096\nbyte buffered read returned all 4096 bytes, split over two R2Ts. The\npages contained stale kernel data, including an array of struct page\npointers.\n\nReject an R2T for a request that is not a write."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:N - The bug is in the NVMe-over-TCP host PDU receive path (nvme_tcp_recv_skb \u2192 nvme_tcp_handle_r2t). A remote NVMe-oF target or on-path attacker sends an R2T PDU over TCP (port 4420) and the host splices the READ destination buffer back over that socket.\nAC:L - A malicious controller that replies to an in-flight READ with a well-formed R2T always triggers the leak; the reporter reproduced a full 4096-byte disclosure with a test target. No race, special memory layout, or rare config beyond CONFIG_NVME_TCP is required.\nPR:N - NVMe/TCP requires no authentication by default (TLS and DH-HMAC-CHAP are optional and off in stock configs), so the remote peer needs no privileges or credentials on the victim host; it simply answers I/O the host is already sending.\nUI:N - No victim action is required at exploit time; once the host is connected (including via nvmf-autoconnect at boot), ordinary filesystem or block I/O issues READ commands and the malicious target triggers the leak by replying with R2T PDUs.\nS:U - The disclosure is of the host kernel\u0027s own I/O buffers and page-cache pages to the connected target. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - nvme_tcp_try_send_data() splices the READ destination pages to the attacker. Those pages hold stale kernel memory (reproduced: 4096 bytes including struct page pointers). Every subsequent READ can leak another MDTS-sized buffer of recycled kernel pages.\nI:N - The host only transmits existing buffer contents; the bug does not write attacker-controlled data into kernel memory, corrupt kernel structures, or provide a write or control-flow hijack primitive.\nA:N - The malformed R2T path completes the command successfully with nothing logged; the reporter observed a silent disclosure with no oops, panic, hang, or other availability impact."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T08:47:30.916Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
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"references": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49a4dcf57608ebf6432dbcb203ed25e7ed581445"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc4013c7cce58d46f792c8c87bc8c8318a70190e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4c3c7310156493797c920b10d8648c07aa05403"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b3d27670c0c890ba7cf1bc3614cab61bde6d25c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a0b05145053a5fad1a2ddb4e4d87b07385e63e5"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6efbc52237facda35d2d874fe1765bb4839275d8"
}
],
"title": "nvme-tcp: fix host memory disclosure on R2T for a read command",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-89481",
"datePublished": "2026-09-11T19:43:36.589Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-11T19:38:34.711Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T08:47:30.916Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.