CVE-2026-74660 (GCVE-0-2026-74660)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-25 05:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
netfilter: ebt_nflog: pin the NFLOG backend
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: ebt_nflog: pin the NFLOG backend
nf_log_unregister() runs after the per-net teardown so its final RCU
grace period also drains readers that obtained the logger from a per-net
binding. However, ebt_nflog passes an explicit ULOG log type to
nf_log_packet() without holding a reference on the selected logger module,
unlike the xt_NFLOG and nft_log frontends.
An ebtables nflog rule can therefore remain callable while nfnetlink_log
is unloaded. The resulting interleaving is:
CPU 0 CPU 1
nfnetlink_log_fini()
unregister_pernet_subsys()
kfree(nfnl_log_pernet(net))
ebt_nflog_tg()
nf_log_packet()
nfulnl_log_packet()
instance_lookup_get_rcu()
The global ULOG logger is still registered at this point, so CPU 1
dereferences the per-net state after CPU 0 has freed it. KASAN reported:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in instance_lookup_get_rcu
Read of size 8 at addr ff110001052e6210 by task poc/92
Call Trace:
instance_lookup_get_rcu+0x1ce/0x1f0 [nfnetlink_log]
nfulnl_log_packet+0x248/0x2fb0 [nfnetlink_log]
nf_log_packet+0x204/0x300
ebt_nflog_tg+0x351/0x550
ebt_do_table+0xedf/0x22b0
Allocated by task 90:
__kmalloc_noprof+0x186/0x470
ops_init+0x6d/0x420
register_pernet_operations+0x2f6/0x670
register_pernet_subsys+0x23/0x40
Freed by task 93:
kfree+0x131/0x3c0
ops_undo_list+0x3e3/0x700
unregister_pernet_operations+0x232/0x490
unregister_pernet_subsys+0x1c/0x30
nfnetlink_log_fini+0x34/0x450 [nfnetlink_log]
Acquire the ULOG logger module reference when an ebt_nflog rule is
validated and release it when the rule is destroyed. Request the NFLOG
backend for legacy callers when needed, matching xt_NFLOG. This prevents
module teardown until all ebt_nflog rules have stopped using the logger.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < 3bcce49d617c593c7606083bfdb464a1761fa68d
(git)
Affected: c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < 394d7939c6b2b9e6bea0844c89efb5913168d898 (git) Affected: c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < 2cac4294f184c9bc19ff82552c62b80498694c39 (git) Affected: c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < 9d8a94b48b393885e7f876c8ef68ed4da5012078 (git) Affected: c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < 6809379a860b9fccbb5435bf08343f6d081ac68d (git) Affected: c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < 47a119ec8a7e2d5c8c4e86fb1a56c4e696e500fb (git) Affected: c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < e2ab7e878bdbe80104c879c31fd2d82a476703b8 (git) Affected: c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee , < 30825970339c107bacaf7f61af90fcdb1f597ca1 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.265 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.216 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.183 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.152 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.104 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.45 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1.9 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"version": "6.1.183",
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{
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"version": "6.6.152",
"versionType": "semver"
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"version": "6.12.104",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"version": "6.18.45",
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{
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"version": "7.1.9",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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}
]
}
],
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ebt_nflog: pin the NFLOG backend\n\nnf_log_unregister() runs after the per-net teardown so its final RCU\ngrace period also drains readers that obtained the logger from a per-net\nbinding. However, ebt_nflog passes an explicit ULOG log type to\nnf_log_packet() without holding a reference on the selected logger module,\nunlike the xt_NFLOG and nft_log frontends.\n\nAn ebtables nflog rule can therefore remain callable while nfnetlink_log\nis unloaded. The resulting interleaving is:\n\n CPU 0 CPU 1\n nfnetlink_log_fini()\n unregister_pernet_subsys()\n kfree(nfnl_log_pernet(net))\n ebt_nflog_tg()\n nf_log_packet()\n nfulnl_log_packet()\n instance_lookup_get_rcu()\n\nThe global ULOG logger is still registered at this point, so CPU 1\ndereferences the per-net state after CPU 0 has freed it. KASAN reported:\n\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in instance_lookup_get_rcu\n Read of size 8 at addr ff110001052e6210 by task poc/92\n Call Trace:\n instance_lookup_get_rcu+0x1ce/0x1f0 [nfnetlink_log]\n nfulnl_log_packet+0x248/0x2fb0 [nfnetlink_log]\n nf_log_packet+0x204/0x300\n ebt_nflog_tg+0x351/0x550\n ebt_do_table+0xedf/0x22b0\n Allocated by task 90:\n __kmalloc_noprof+0x186/0x470\n ops_init+0x6d/0x420\n register_pernet_operations+0x2f6/0x670\n register_pernet_subsys+0x23/0x40\n Freed by task 93:\n kfree+0x131/0x3c0\n ops_undo_list+0x3e3/0x700\n unregister_pernet_operations+0x232/0x490\n unregister_pernet_subsys+0x1c/0x30\n nfnetlink_log_fini+0x34/0x450 [nfnetlink_log]\n\nAcquire the ULOG logger module reference when an ebt_nflog rule is\nvalidated and release it when the rule is destroyed. Request the NFLOG\nbackend for legacy callers when needed, matching xt_NFLOG. This prevents\nmodule teardown until all ebt_nflog rules have stopped using the logger."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The UAF is reached through ebtables setsockopt rule installation and nfnetlink_log module teardown (local administrative paths); per kernel CNA guidance, netfilter/ebtables bugs are scored Local even when bridge hook evaluation can be driven by forwarded frames.\nAC:L - The KASAN reproducer uses a deterministic two-thread race between nfnetlink_log_fini() module removal and concurrent bridge traffic through an active ebt_nflog rule; the attacker controls both the unload timing and packet generation without depending on uncontrollable victim state.\nPR:L - Installing an ebt_nflog rule requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in the socket network namespace, obtainable by unprivileged users via user+network namespaces (unshare -Urn); the documented PoC races module teardown concurrently with rule-driven traffic, matching standard CNA treatment for ebtables/netfilter paths.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required beyond the attacker\u0027s own ebtables configuration, module unload coordination, and bridge traffic generation to hit the active nflog target during the teardown window.\nS:U - The slab use-after-free corrupts host kernel memory within the same security authority; this is not a VM escape, container breakout across an IOMMU boundary, or other cross-scope privilege transition.\nC:H - KASAN confirmed a slab use-after-free read in instance_lookup_get_rcu() against freed nfnl_log_pernet state; UAF on the per-net instance hash table enables attacker-influenced heap reads and disclosure of adjacent kernel memory contents.\nI:H - Use-after-free on the nfnl_log_pernet structure and nfulnl_instance objects provides standard heap grooming primitives; freed slab reuse can redirect subsequent logging operations into attacker-controlled data for arbitrary kernel writes or control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The UAF read on freed per-net logging state can immediately trigger a kernel BUG/oops (as reported by KASAN) and reliably causes denial of service; repeated bridge traffic during module teardown can panic the affected host."
}
]
}
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T05:41:14.285Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d8a94b48b393885e7f876c8ef68ed4da5012078"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6809379a860b9fccbb5435bf08343f6d081ac68d"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2ab7e878bdbe80104c879c31fd2d82a476703b8"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30825970339c107bacaf7f61af90fcdb1f597ca1"
}
],
"title": "netfilter: ebt_nflog: pin the NFLOG backend",
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-74660",
"datePublished": "2026-08-22T15:32:33.677Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.924Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T05:41:14.285Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
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"date": "2026-08-29",
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"percentile": "0.02534"
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"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-74660\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-08-22T16:16:39.743\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-25T06:18:46.943\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnetfilter: ebt_nflog: pin the NFLOG backend\\n\\nnf_log_unregister() runs after the per-net teardown so its final RCU\\ngrace period also drains readers that obtained the logger from a per-net\\nbinding. However, ebt_nflog passes an explicit ULOG log type to\\nnf_log_packet() without holding a reference on the selected logger module,\\nunlike the xt_NFLOG and nft_log frontends.\\n\\nAn ebtables nflog rule can therefore remain callable while nfnetlink_log\\nis unloaded. The resulting interleaving is:\\n\\n CPU 0 CPU 1\\n nfnetlink_log_fini()\\n unregister_pernet_subsys()\\n kfree(nfnl_log_pernet(net))\\n ebt_nflog_tg()\\n nf_log_packet()\\n nfulnl_log_packet()\\n instance_lookup_get_rcu()\\n\\nThe global ULOG logger is still registered at this point, so CPU 1\\ndereferences the per-net state after CPU 0 has freed it. KASAN reported:\\n\\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in instance_lookup_get_rcu\\n Read of size 8 at addr ff110001052e6210 by task poc/92\\n Call Trace:\\n instance_lookup_get_rcu+0x1ce/0x1f0 [nfnetlink_log]\\n nfulnl_log_packet+0x248/0x2fb0 [nfnetlink_log]\\n nf_log_packet+0x204/0x300\\n ebt_nflog_tg+0x351/0x550\\n ebt_do_table+0xedf/0x22b0\\n Allocated by task 90:\\n __kmalloc_noprof+0x186/0x470\\n ops_init+0x6d/0x420\\n register_pernet_operations+0x2f6/0x670\\n register_pernet_subsys+0x23/0x40\\n Freed by task 93:\\n kfree+0x131/0x3c0\\n ops_undo_list+0x3e3/0x700\\n unregister_pernet_operations+0x232/0x490\\n unregister_pernet_subsys+0x1c/0x30\\n nfnetlink_log_fini+0x34/0x450 [nfnetlink_log]\\n\\nAcquire the ULOG logger module reference when an ebt_nflog rule is\\nvalidated and release it when the rule is destroyed. Request the NFLOG\\nbackend for legacy callers when needed, matching xt_NFLOG. This prevents\\nmodule teardown until all ebt_nflog rules have stopped using the logger.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_nflog.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"3bcce49d617c593c7606083bfdb464a1761fa68d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"394d7939c6b2b9e6bea0844c89efb5913168d898\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"2cac4294f184c9bc19ff82552c62b80498694c39\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"9d8a94b48b393885e7f876c8ef68ed4da5012078\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"6809379a860b9fccbb5435bf08343f6d081ac68d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"47a119ec8a7e2d5c8c4e86fb1a56c4e696e500fb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"e2ab7e878bdbe80104c879c31fd2d82a476703b8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c83fa19603bdaeef17b815713dbbe3230c8a34ee\",\"lessThan\":\"30825970339c107bacaf7f61af90fcdb1f597ca1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_nflog.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.12\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.12\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.265\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.216\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.183\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.152\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.104\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.45\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.1.9\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2cac4294f184c9bc19ff82552c62b80498694c39\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30825970339c107bacaf7f61af90fcdb1f597ca1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/394d7939c6b2b9e6bea0844c89efb5913168d898\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bcce49d617c593c7606083bfdb464a1761fa68d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47a119ec8a7e2d5c8c4e86fb1a56c4e696e500fb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6809379a860b9fccbb5435bf08343f6d081ac68d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d8a94b48b393885e7f876c8ef68ed4da5012078\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2ab7e878bdbe80104c879c31fd2d82a476703b8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-25T08:53:30+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-74660",
"id": "CVE-2026-74660",
"initial_release_date": "2026-08-22T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "246",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "28",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: netfilter: ebt_nflog: pin the NFLOG backend",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-74660.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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