Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-65630 (GCVE-0-2026-65630)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 19:54 – Updated: 2026-10-26 19:54

Title

Timing side-channel in pure-Erlang X25519 scalar multiplication leaks the private key in jose

Summary

Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback. The pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3 and jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1, and jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1 is thus a function of the private key. This path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through JOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2, which reaches jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2 and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it. This issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CWE

CWE-208 - Observable Timing Discrepancy

Assigner

EEF CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard A 97/100 over 345 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/securi…	vendor-advisoryrelated
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65630.html	related
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65630	related
https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit…	related
https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit…	patch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
potatosalad	jose	Affected: 1.10.0 , < 1.11.13 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose::::::::
potatosalad	jose	Affected: 8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3 , < 3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79 (git) cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose::::::::

Credits

Peter Ullrich Andrew Bennett Jonatan Männchen / EEF

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
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        {
          "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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          "packageURL": "pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
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            "src/jwa/jose_jwa_x25519.erl",
            "src/jwa/jose_jwa_curve25519.erl",
            "src/jwa/curve25519/jose_curve25519_fallback.erl",
            "src/jwk/jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519.erl"
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          "programRoutines": [
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2"
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult_base/1"
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2"
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1"
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1"
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3"
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1"
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            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2"
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              "status": "affected",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is only exploitable when X25519 private-key operations run through the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback, for example when the crypto fallback is enabled (\u003ccode\u003eJOSE.crypto_fallback(true)\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003eJOSE.curve25519_module(:jose_jwa_curve25519)\u003c/code\u003e) or when no constant-time native X25519 implementation (a libsodium or libdecaf NIF, or the OTP \u003ccode\u003ecrypto\u003c/code\u003e application providing \u003ccode\u003ex25519\u003c/code\u003e) is available. Deployments that use a constant-time native X25519 are not affected.\u003c/p\u003e"
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          "value": "The vulnerability is only exploitable when X25519 private-key operations run through the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback, for example when the crypto fallback is enabled (JOSE.crypto_fallback(true) or JOSE.curve25519_module(:jose_jwa_curve25519)) or when no constant-time native X25519 implementation (a libsodium or libdecaf NIF, or the OTP crypto application providing x25519) is available. Deployments that use a constant-time native X25519 are not affected."
        }
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      "cpeApplicability": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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          "type": "remediation developer",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eObservable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (\u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2\u003c/code\u003e) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (\u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1\u003c/code\u003e) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points \u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1\u003c/code\u003e is thus a function of the private key.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through \u003ccode\u003eJOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2\u003c/code\u003e, which reaches \u003ccode\u003ejose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2\u003c/code\u003e and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback.\n\nThe pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (`jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2`) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (`jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3` and `jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1`) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points `jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2`, `jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2`, `jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1`, and `jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1` is thus a function of the private key.\n\nThis path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through `JOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2`, which reaches `jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2` and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13."
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          "value": "Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback.\n\nThe pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3 and jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1, and jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1 is thus a function of the private key.\n\nThis path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through JOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2, which reaches jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2 and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13."
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
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            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 5.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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              "value": "GENERAL"
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              "description": "CWE-208 Observable Timing Discrepancy",
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              "type": "CWE"
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        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T19:54:07.686Z",
        "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "shortName": "EEF"
      },
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        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-xvr2-gggj-h2pp"
        },
        {
          "name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-65630",
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65630.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-65630",
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65630"
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        {
          "name": "Introducing commit 8e53209 in potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3"
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        {
          "name": "Fix commit 3670f87 in potatosalad/erlang-jose",
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            "affectedData": [
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                "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
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                "programRoutines": [
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                  {
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                  {
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                  {
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                "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                "vendor": "potatosalad",
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                  "jose_curve25519_fallback",
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                ],
                "packageName": "potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                "packageURL": "pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                "product": "jose",
                "programFiles": [
                  "src/jwa/jose_jwa_x25519.erl",
                  "src/jwa/jose_jwa_curve25519.erl",
                  "src/jwa/curve25519/jose_curve25519_fallback.erl",
                  "src/jwk/jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519.erl"
                ],
                "programRoutines": [
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult_base/1"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_secret_to_public/1"
                  }
                ],
                "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                "vendor": "potatosalad",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback.\n\nThe pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3 and jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1, and jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1 is thus a function of the private key.\n\nThis path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through JOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2, which reaches jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2 and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-65630",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-27T15:00:49.240",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 5.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-26T20:17:58.780",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65630.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-xvr2-gggj-h2pp"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65630"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-208"
              }
            ],
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-65630

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-26 20:17 - Updated: 2026-10-27 15:00

Severity

5.9 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65630.html
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-xvr2-gggj-h2pp
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65630

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "jose_jwa_x25519",
            "jose_jwa_curve25519",
            "jose_curve25519_fallback",
            "jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519"
          ],
          "packageName": "jose",
          "packageURL": "pkg:hex/jose",
          "product": "jose",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/jwa/jose_jwa_x25519.erl",
            "src/jwa/jose_jwa_curve25519.erl",
            "src/jwa/curve25519/jose_curve25519_fallback.erl",
            "src/jwk/jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519.erl"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult_base/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_secret_to_public/1"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "vendor": "potatosalad",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.11.13",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.10.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "jose_jwa_x25519",
            "jose_jwa_curve25519",
            "jose_curve25519_fallback",
            "jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519"
          ],
          "packageName": "potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "packageURL": "pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "product": "jose",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/jwa/jose_jwa_x25519.erl",
            "src/jwa/jose_jwa_curve25519.erl",
            "src/jwa/curve25519/jose_curve25519_fallback.erl",
            "src/jwk/jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519.erl"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult_base/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_secret_to_public/1"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "vendor": "potatosalad",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback.\n\nThe pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3 and jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1, and jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1 is thus a function of the private key.\n\nThis path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through JOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2, which reaches jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2 and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-65630",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-27T15:00:49.240",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 5.9,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-10-26T20:17:58.780",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65630.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-xvr2-gggj-h2pp"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65630"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-208"
        }
      ],
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-65630 (CVE-2026-65630)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2026-10-27 00:00 – Updated: 2026-10-27 00:00 – Source website

Details

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-65630	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-65630	REPORT
	https://cna.erlef.org/cves/cve-2026-65630.html	REPORT
	https://github.com	REPORT
	https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose	REPORT
	https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit…	REPORT
	https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit…	REPORT
	https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/securi…	REPORT
	https://hex.pm/packages/jose	REPORT
	https://repo.hex.pm	REPORT
	https://github.com/cveproject/cvelistv5/tree/main…	REPORT
	https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2026-65630	REPORT
	https://osv.dev/vulnerability/eef-cve-2026-65630	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jose",
            "binary_version": "10-2build1"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "libjose0",
            "binary_version": "10-2build1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:18.04:LTS",
        "name": "jose",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/jose@10-2build1?arch=source\u0026distro=bionic"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10-2",
        "10-2build1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jose",
            "binary_version": "10-2build2"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "libjose0",
            "binary_version": "10-2build2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:20.04:LTS",
        "name": "jose",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/jose@10-2build2?arch=source\u0026distro=focal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10-2build2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jose",
            "binary_version": "11-2"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "libjose0",
            "binary_version": "11-2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "jose",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/jose@11-2?arch=source\u0026distro=jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10-3",
        "11-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jose",
            "binary_version": "13-1"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "libjose0",
            "binary_version": "13-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "jose",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/jose@13-1?arch=source\u0026distro=noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "11-2",
        "11-3",
        "11-3build1",
        "11-3build2",
        "13-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jose",
            "binary_version": "14-2build2"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "libjose0",
            "binary_version": "14-2build2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.10",
        "name": "jose",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/jose@14-2build2?arch=source\u0026distro=stonking"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "14-2build1",
        "14-2build2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jose",
            "binary_version": "14-2build1"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "libjose0",
            "binary_version": "14-2build1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.04:LTS",
        "name": "jose",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/jose@14-2build1?arch=source\u0026distro=resolute"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "14-2build1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback. The pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3 and jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1, and jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1 is thus a function of the private key. This path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through JOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2, which reaches jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2 and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it. This issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2026-65630",
  "modified": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
  "published": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-65630"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-65630"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/cve-2026-65630.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/ghsa-xvr2-gggj-h2pp"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://hex.pm/packages/jose"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://repo.hex.pm"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/cveproject/cvelistv5/tree/main/cves/2026/65xxx/cve-2026-65630.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2026-65630"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/eef-cve-2026-65630"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-65630"
  ]
}

Sightings

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2026-65630 (GCVE-0-2026-65630)

FKIE_CVE-2026-65630

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-65630 (CVE-2026-65630)

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