CVE-2026-64831 (GCVE-0-2026-64831)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-22 16:35 – Updated: 2026-07-28 01:06 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
FFmpeg 8.0 - 8.1.2 Stack Buffer Overflow in Vulkan HEVC Decoder
Summary
FFmpeg versions 8.0 through 8.1.2 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the Vulkan HEVC hardware decoder that allows remote attackers to overwrite return addresses and adjacent stack frames by supplying a crafted HEVC/H.265 bitstream. Attackers can embed a malicious vps_num_hrd_parameters value exceeding HEVC_MAX_SUB_LAYERS in any supported container format to overflow stack-allocated arrays in the vk_hevc_end_frame function, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-23 13:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6759 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
FFmpeg FFmpeg Affected: 8.0 , ≤ 8.1.2 (custom)
Affected: 92737390dc133daadce47dd7d2ec8ef3d9ebcbed (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-05 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-64831",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-23T13:45:19.539395Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-23T13:45:36.790Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "FFmpeg",
          "repo": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg",
          "vendor": "FFmpeg",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.1.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "92737390dc133daadce47dd7d2ec8ef3d9ebcbed",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndIncluding": "8.1.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "8.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Pavel Kohout, Aisle Research"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-07-05T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "FFmpeg versions 8.0 through 8.1.2 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the Vulkan HEVC hardware decoder that allows remote attackers to overwrite return addresses and adjacent stack frames by supplying a crafted HEVC/H.265 bitstream. Attackers can embed a malicious vps_num_hrd_parameters value exceeding HEVC_MAX_SUB_LAYERS in any supported container format to overflow stack-allocated arrays in the vk_hevc_end_frame function, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-121",
              "description": "Stack-based Buffer Overflow",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-28T01:06:02.677Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Pull Request",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/23665"
        },
        {
          "name": "Patch Commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/92737390dc133daadce47dd7d2ec8ef3d9ebcbed"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-stack-buffer-overflow-in-vulkan-hevc-decoder"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "tags": [
        "x_open-source"
      ],
      "title": "FFmpeg 8.0 - 8.1.2 Stack Buffer Overflow in Vulkan HEVC Decoder",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-64831",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-22T16:35:43.775Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-20T18:27:48.161Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-28T01:06:02.677Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-64831",
      "date": "2026-10-24",
      "epss": "0.00851",
      "percentile": "0.57862"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "FFmpeg",
                "repo": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg",
                "vendor": "FFmpeg",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "8.1.2",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "8.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "92737390dc133daadce47dd7d2ec8ef3d9ebcbed",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "0BF6DBDE-7E1C-4004-B5B7-CCEFAD5C1DDB",
                    "versionEndIncluding": "8.1.2",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "8.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "FFmpeg versions 8.0 through 8.1.2 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the Vulkan HEVC hardware decoder that allows remote attackers to overwrite return addresses and adjacent stack frames by supplying a crafted HEVC/H.265 bitstream. Attackers can embed a malicious vps_num_hrd_parameters value exceeding HEVC_MAX_SUB_LAYERS in any supported container format to overflow stack-allocated arrays in the vk_hevc_end_frame function, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "Las versiones de FFmpeg 8.0 a 8.1.2 contienen una vulnerabilidad de desbordamiento de b\u00fafer de pila en el decodificador de hardware Vulkan HEVC que permite a atacantes remotos sobrescribir direcciones de retorno y marcos de pila adyacentes al proporcionar un flujo de bits HEVC/H.265 manipulado. Los atacantes pueden incrustar un valor malicioso de vps_num_hrd_parameters que excede HEVC_MAX_SUB_LAYERS en cualquier formato de contenedor compatible para desbordar arreglos asignados en la pila en la funci\u00f3n vk_hevc_end_frame, logrando potencialmente la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-64831",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-24T15:10:00.190",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 8.7,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-64831",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-23T13:45:19.539395Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-07-22T17:16:58.697",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/92737390dc133daadce47dd7d2ec8ef3d9ebcbed"
          },
          {
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/23665"
          },
          {
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-stack-buffer-overflow-in-vulkan-hevc-decoder"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-121"
              }
            ],
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-25T03:02:52+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-64831",
      "id": "CVE-2026-64831",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-07-22T16:35:43.775000+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "8",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "ffmpeg: FFmpeg: Arbitrary code execution via crafted HEVC/H.265 bitstream",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-64831.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-64831",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-07-23T13:45:19.539395Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-07-23T13:45:31.564Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "affected",
              "product": "FFmpeg",
              "repo": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg",
              "vendor": "FFmpeg",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "8.1.2",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "8.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "92737390dc133daadce47dd7d2ec8ef3d9ebcbed",
                  "versionType": "git"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndIncluding": "8.1.2",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "8.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "finder",
              "value": "Pavel Kohout, Aisle Research"
            }
          ],
          "datePublic": "2026-07-05T00:00:00.000Z",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "FFmpeg versions 8.0 through 8.1.2 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the Vulkan HEVC hardware decoder that allows remote attackers to overwrite return addresses and adjacent stack frames by supplying a crafted HEVC/H.265 bitstream. Attackers can embed a malicious vps_num_hrd_parameters value exceeding HEVC_MAX_SUB_LAYERS in any supported container format to overflow stack-allocated arrays in the vk_hevc_end_frame function, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 8.7,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-121",
                  "description": "Stack-based Buffer Overflow",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-07-28T01:06:02.677Z",
            "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
            "shortName": "VulnCheck"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "Pull Request",
              "tags": [
                "issue-tracking"
              ],
              "url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/23665"
            },
            {
              "name": "Patch Commit",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/92737390dc133daadce47dd7d2ec8ef3d9ebcbed"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "third-party-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-stack-buffer-overflow-in-vulkan-hevc-decoder"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "tags": [
            "x_open-source"
          ],
          "title": "FFmpeg 8.0 - 8.1.2 Stack Buffer Overflow in Vulkan HEVC Decoder",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "vulncheck"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-64831",
        "datePublished": "2026-07-22T16:35:43.775Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-07-20T18:27:48.161Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-28T01:06:02.677Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
Events included in the timeline

Loading timeline…


    Loading…

    Loading…

    Loading…

    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.