CVE-2026-57860 (GCVE-0-2026-57860)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 16:16 – Updated: 2026-07-20 17:45
VLAI
Title
ForgeCode Arbitrary Code Execution via Unvetted .mcp.json in Untrusted Repository
Summary
ForgeCode (tailcallhq/forgecode), an AI pair-programming CLI, automatically loads and executes the MCP servers defined in a repository's .mcp.json file on startup without user confirmation. A malicious repository can supply a crafted .mcp.json whose mcpServers entries specify arbitrary command and args values (for example, command: bash with args: ['-c', 'touch /tmp/pwned']). When a user runs the forge CLI inside a cloned untrusted repository, the specified commands are spawned with the invoking user's privileges, resulting in arbitrary code execution. This provides a reliable initial-access and persistence primitive against developers who evaluate untrusted repositories with ForgeCode.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tailcallhq forgecode Affected: 2.11.1 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-17 00:00
Credits
Saad ELHARAJ (SAAITAAMAA)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-57860",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-17T16:45:24.963875Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-17T16:45:31.572Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3022"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageURL": "pkg:npm/forgecode",
          "product": "forgecode",
          "vendor": "tailcallhq",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.11.1",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Saad ELHARAJ (SAAITAAMAA)"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-07-17T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "ForgeCode (tailcallhq/forgecode), an AI pair-programming CLI, automatically loads and executes the MCP servers defined in a repository\u0027s .mcp.json file on startup without user confirmation. A malicious repository can supply a crafted .mcp.json whose mcpServers entries specify arbitrary command and args values (for example, command: bash with args: [\u0027-c\u0027, \u0027touch /tmp/pwned\u0027]). When a user runs the forge CLI inside a cloned untrusted repository, the specified commands are spawned with the invoking user\u0027s privileges, resulting in arbitrary code execution. This provides a reliable initial-access and persistence primitive against developers who evaluate untrusted repositories with ForgeCode."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 8.4,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-829",
              "description": "Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-20T17:45:55.116Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Issue",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3022"
        },
        {
          "name": "GitHub Issue",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3252"
        },
        {
          "name": "Product",
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode"
        },
        {
          "name": "Patch Commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/commit/68ca3a3a26c73c38a700453d3d021b5bbdc15dbd"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/forgecode-arbitrary-code-execution-via-unvetted-mcp-json-in-untrusted-repository"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "ForgeCode Arbitrary Code Execution via Unvetted .mcp.json in Untrusted Repository",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-57860",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-17T16:16:09.573Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-25T18:48:00.283Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-20T17:45:55.116Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-57860",
      "date": "2026-07-21",
      "epss": "0.00134",
      "percentile": "0.03316"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-57860\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"published\":\"2026-07-17T17:17:16.777\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-17T18:28:39.220\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"ForgeCode (tailcallhq/forgecode), an AI pair-programming CLI, automatically loads and executes the MCP servers defined in a repository\u0027s .mcp.json file on startup without user confirmation. A malicious repository can supply a crafted .mcp.json whose mcpServers entries specify arbitrary command and args values (for example, command: bash with args: [\u0027-c\u0027, \u0027touch /tmp/pwned\u0027]). When a user runs the forge CLI inside a cloned untrusted repository, the specified commands are spawned with the invoking user\u0027s privileges, resulting in arbitrary code execution. This provides a reliable initial-access and persistence primitive against developers who evaluate untrusted repositories with ForgeCode.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"tailcallhq\",\"product\":\"forgecode\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"packageURL\":\"pkg:npm/forgecode\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.11.1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":8.4,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"ACTIVE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-07-17T16:45:24.963875Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2026-57860\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"poc\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"total\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-829\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/commit/68ca3a3a26c73c38a700453d3d021b5bbdc15dbd\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3022\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3252\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/forgecode-arbitrary-code-execution-via-unvetted-mcp-json-in-untrusted-repository\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3022\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-57860\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-07-17T16:45:24.963875Z\"}}}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3022\", \"tags\": [\"exploit\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-17T16:45:16.883Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"ForgeCode Arbitrary Code Execution via Unvetted .mcp.json in Untrusted Repository\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"Saad ELHARAJ (SAAITAAMAA)\"}], \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV4_0\": {\"Safety\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"Recovery\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"baseScore\": 8.4, \"Automatable\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"valueDensity\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N\", \"providerUrgency\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"userInteraction\": \"ACTIVE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\": \"NOT_DEFINED\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}, {\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"REQUIRED\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"tailcallhq\", \"product\": \"forgecode\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"2.11.1\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/forgecode\", \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"datePublic\": \"2026-07-17T00:00:00.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3022\", \"name\": \"GitHub Issue\", \"tags\": [\"issue-tracking\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/issues/3252\", \"name\": \"GitHub Issue\", \"tags\": [\"issue-tracking\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode\", \"name\": \"Product\", \"tags\": [\"product\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/tailcallhq/forgecode/commit/68ca3a3a26c73c38a700453d3d021b5bbdc15dbd\", \"name\": \"Patch Commit\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/forgecode-arbitrary-code-execution-via-unvetted-mcp-json-in-untrusted-repository\", \"tags\": [\"third-party-advisory\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"vulncheck\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"ForgeCode (tailcallhq/forgecode), an AI pair-programming CLI, automatically loads and executes the MCP servers defined in a repository\u0027s .mcp.json file on startup without user confirmation. A malicious repository can supply a crafted .mcp.json whose mcpServers entries specify arbitrary command and args values (for example, command: bash with args: [\u0027-c\u0027, \u0027touch /tmp/pwned\u0027]). When a user runs the forge CLI inside a cloned untrusted repository, the specified commands are spawned with the invoking user\u0027s privileges, resulting in arbitrary code execution. This provides a reliable initial-access and persistence primitive against developers who evaluate untrusted repositories with ForgeCode.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-829\", \"description\": \"Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10\", \"shortName\": \"VulnCheck\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-20T17:45:55.116Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-57860\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-20T17:45:55.116Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-06-25T18:48:00.283Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-07-17T16:16:09.573Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"VulnCheck\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.