Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-55098 (GCVE-0-2026-55098)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 20:09 – Updated: 2026-11-02 15:00

Title

Arc: DuckDB I/O aliases bypass database RBAC after CVE-2026-47735

Summary

Arc is an open, SQL-native time-series database for telemetry. Prior to the repository-verified 26.06.2 repair, the remediation of `CVE-2026-47735` leaves a cross-database authorization bypass through DuckDB table-valued I/O functions. In `internal/database/sandbox.go`, `allowed_directories` uses `cfg.LocalStorageRoot`, configured by `storage.local_path`, while `enable_external_access=false` blocks access outside that entire multi-tenant root. `GetStoragePath` in `internal/storage/util.go` stores all databases beneath it. In `internal/api/query.go`, `extractTableReferences` skips names followed by an opening parenthesis and `checkQueryPermissions` allows queries with no extracted table references, including tokens with `permissions: []`. The `userSQLReadParquetPattern` denylist catches literal `read_parquet(` and the earlier protection also blocks `arc_partition_agg(`, but misses the `parquet_scan` alias and `glob`, `parquet_metadata`, `parquet_schema`, `read_blob`, `read_csv_auto`, `read_json` and `read_text`. A request to `POST /api/v1/query` using these unblocked functions passes `ValidateSQLRequest` and `convertSQLToStoragePaths` without tenant authorization, allowing reads and enumeration of other databases' time-series data, schema and per-column value-range statistics within the allowlisted root. The sandbox still blocks out-of-root OS files and HTTP SSRF, and the sibling SQLite token database outside the root is not exposed by this mechanism. The earlier 26.06.1 remediation does not comprehensively deny these I/O functions. Repository tag 26.06.2 contains the I/O-function repair and supplies the provisional remediation boundary; conflicting advisory affected-version statements require curator adjudication.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-02 15:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7887 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/pull/495	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/commit/5dc8f…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/tree/v26.06.2	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Basekick-Labs	arc	Affected: < 26.06.2	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-55098

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-30 20:17 - Updated: 2026-11-02 19:35

Severity

6.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/commit/5dc8f53b70a3871b16b0cebf328f07c578af7a45
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/pull/495
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/security/advisories/GHSA-93cm-2v4m-c56c
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/tree/v26.06.2
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/security/advisories/GHSA-93cm-2v4m-c56c

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "arc",
          "vendor": "Basekick-Labs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 26.06.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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      "lang": "en",
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    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-55098",
  "lastModified": "2026-11-02T19:35:33.347",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 6.5,
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          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
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    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-55098",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-11-02T15:00:24.385666Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-10-30T20:17:09.773",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/commit/5dc8f53b70a3871b16b0cebf328f07c578af7a45"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/pull/495"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/security/advisories/GHSA-93cm-2v4m-c56c"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/tree/v26.06.2"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/security/advisories/GHSA-93cm-2v4m-c56c"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-200"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-863"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-93CM-2V4M-C56C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-04 17:02 – Updated: 2026-11-04 17:02

Summary

Arc: DuckDB I/O aliases bypass database RBAC after CVE-2026-47735

Details

Summary

The fix for CVE-2026-47735 (released 2026.06.1) is incomplete. It added a DuckDB sandbox (SET GLOBAL allowed_directories=[<storage root>]; SET GLOBAL enable_external_access=false) and an Arc SQL-layer denylist of the literal functions read_parquet( and arc_partition_agg(. The sandbox correctly blocks reads outside the storage root (OS files, http:// SSRF), but it allowlists the entire multi-tenant storage root, and the SQL denylist still misses the rest of the DuckDB I/O family the original advisory enumerated. As a result, any authenticated token — including one with permissions: [] — can read or enumerate every other database's data within the deployment, defeating RBAC.

Verified at HEAD c08b892 (v26.06.1-36, includes 26.06.2). Confirmed still live; no later commit blocks these functions.

Root cause (three composing gaps)

Sandbox scope is the whole storage root, not the tenant. internal/database/sandbox.go:111 allowlists cfg.LocalStorageRoot (default storage.local_path=./data/arc). Every database lives under it — internal/storage/util.go:33 GetStoragePath => <base>/<database>/<measurement>/**/*.parquet. Any in-root path is sandbox-permitted regardless of which database owns it.
RBAC never inspects table-valued functions. checkQueryPermissions (internal/api/query.go:1181) extracts table refs via extractTableReferences, which skips any name followed by ( as a function (internal/api/query.go:1116); with zero refs it returns allow (:1213-1216). So parquet_scan(...), glob(...), parquet_metadata(...), read_blob(...), read_csv_auto(...) are never authorization-checked.
The SQL denylist matches only the literal spelling. userSQLReadParquetPattern (internal/api/query.go:2087) is \bread_parquet\s*\(. DuckDB's documented alias parquet_scan( is not matched, and read_csv_auto/read_json/read_text/read_blob/glob/parquet_metadata/parquet_schema are not blocked anywhere. The fix author documented this very threat at internal/api/query.go:2061-2064 (“a user scoped to db1.m1 could read /data/db2/secrets/**/*.parquet”) but blocked only the literal read_parquet(.

Exploit (authenticated, any token incl. permissions:[])

POST /api/v1/query
Authorization: Bearer <token>
Content-Type: application/json
{"sql": "SELECT * FROM parquet_scan('./data/arc/<victim-db>/<measurement>/**/*.parquet')"}

ValidateSQLRequest passes (parquet_scan( is not read_parquet(, not a dangerous keyword, single statement).
checkQueryPermissions extracts 0 table refs (it is a function call) and allows.
convertSQLToStoragePaths finds no read_parquet literal and no bare FROM measurement to rewrite, so the query passes through unchanged.
DuckDB runs parquet_scan('<root>/<victim-db>/...'); the path is inside allowed_directories, so the other database's rows are returned.

glob('./data/arc/**/*') enumerates every database/measurement/file; parquet_metadata(...)/parquet_schema(...) leak column names and per-column min/max value statistics; read_blob(...) returns raw file bytes. All operate within the allowlisted root.

Proof (poc/poc_sandbox_alias_bypass.py, poc/OUTPUT.txt)

Reproduces Arc's exact sandbox config (allowed_directories=[<root>], enable_external_access=false) on DuckDB 1.5.x (Arc pins duckdb-go-bindings 1.5.1) with a victim parquet written under the root:

[BLOCKED ] read_blob OUTSIDE root            -> Permission Error: Cannot access file ...
[EXECUTES] parquet_scan victim (read_parquet ALIAS) -> [('tenant-VICTIM-row', 42)]
[EXECUTES] glob enumerate every db under root -> [('.../data/arc/victim-db/secrets/f.parquet',)]
[EXECUTES] parquet_metadata victim           -> [('leaked','tenant-VICTIM-row','tenant-VICTIM-row'), ('v','42','42')]

The sandbox blocks escape (as designed) but permits every in-root cross-database read.

Impact

Cross-database / cross-tenant confidential read by any authenticated principal, including a least-privileged (permissions: []) token, on RBAC-enabled deployments. This is the same RBAC-bypass impact the original advisory described for read_parquet, still reachable via the alias and the unblocked I/O family. (Arc's SQLite token DB ./data/arc.db is a sibling of ./data/arc/ and is not in the allowlist, so it is not readable this way — the exposure is the time-series data of every database, plus its schema and value-range statistics.)

Remediation

Per-request scope the sandbox to the requesting token's authorized database path(s): allowed_directories = ['<base>/<authorized-db>/'], so the file layer cannot cross the RBAC boundary regardless of which function is used. Alternatively, replace the function-name denylist with a strict allowlist of permitted table functions (alias-resolved, reject all others). A denylist of literal spellings is structurally fragile — this is the second alias/family miss after the original audit.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/basekick-labs/arc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20260610131716-5dc8f53b70a3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-55098"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-11-04T17:02:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-30T20:17:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe fix for CVE-2026-47735 (released 2026.06.1) is incomplete. It added a DuckDB sandbox (`SET GLOBAL allowed_directories=[\u003cstorage root\u003e]; SET GLOBAL enable_external_access=false`) and an Arc SQL-layer denylist of the **literal** functions `read_parquet(` and `arc_partition_agg(`. The sandbox correctly blocks reads **outside** the storage root (OS files, `http://` SSRF), but it allowlists the **entire multi-tenant storage root**, and the SQL denylist still misses the rest of the DuckDB I/O family the original advisory enumerated. As a result, any authenticated token \u2014 including one with `permissions: []` \u2014 can read or enumerate **every other database\u0027s data** within the deployment, defeating RBAC.\n\nVerified at HEAD `c08b892` (`v26.06.1-36`, includes 26.06.2). Confirmed still live; no later commit blocks these functions.\n\n### Root cause (three composing gaps)\n\n1. **Sandbox scope is the whole storage root, not the tenant.** `internal/database/sandbox.go:111` allowlists `cfg.LocalStorageRoot` (default `storage.local_path=./data/arc`). Every database lives under it \u2014 `internal/storage/util.go:33` `GetStoragePath` =\u003e `\u003cbase\u003e/\u003cdatabase\u003e/\u003cmeasurement\u003e/**/*.parquet`. Any in-root path is sandbox-permitted regardless of which database owns it.\n2. **RBAC never inspects table-valued functions.** `checkQueryPermissions` (`internal/api/query.go:1181`) extracts table refs via `extractTableReferences`, which skips any name followed by `(` as a function (`internal/api/query.go:1116`); with zero refs it returns allow (`:1213-1216`). So `parquet_scan(...)`, `glob(...)`, `parquet_metadata(...)`, `read_blob(...)`, `read_csv_auto(...)` are never authorization-checked.\n3. **The SQL denylist matches only the literal spelling.** `userSQLReadParquetPattern` (`internal/api/query.go:2087`) is `\\bread_parquet\\s*\\(`. DuckDB\u0027s documented alias **`parquet_scan(`** is not matched, and `read_csv_auto`/`read_json`/`read_text`/`read_blob`/`glob`/`parquet_metadata`/`parquet_schema` are not blocked anywhere. The fix author documented this very threat at `internal/api/query.go:2061-2064` (\u201ca user scoped to db1.m1 could read /data/db2/secrets/**/*.parquet\u201d) but blocked only the literal `read_parquet(`.\n\n### Exploit (authenticated, any token incl. permissions:[])\n\n```\nPOST /api/v1/query\nAuthorization: Bearer \u003ctoken\u003e\nContent-Type: application/json\n{\"sql\": \"SELECT * FROM parquet_scan(\u0027./data/arc/\u003cvictim-db\u003e/\u003cmeasurement\u003e/**/*.parquet\u0027)\"}\n```\n\n- `ValidateSQLRequest` passes (`parquet_scan(` is not `read_parquet(`, not a dangerous keyword, single statement).\n- `checkQueryPermissions` extracts 0 table refs (it is a function call) and allows.\n- `convertSQLToStoragePaths` finds no `read_parquet` literal and no bare `FROM measurement` to rewrite, so the query passes through unchanged.\n- DuckDB runs `parquet_scan(\u0027\u003croot\u003e/\u003cvictim-db\u003e/...\u0027)`; the path is inside `allowed_directories`, so the other database\u0027s rows are returned.\n\n`glob(\u0027./data/arc/**/*\u0027)` enumerates every database/measurement/file; `parquet_metadata(...)`/`parquet_schema(...)` leak column names and per-column min/max value statistics; `read_blob(...)` returns raw file bytes. All operate within the allowlisted root.\n\n### Proof (poc/poc_sandbox_alias_bypass.py, poc/OUTPUT.txt)\n\nReproduces Arc\u0027s exact sandbox config (`allowed_directories=[\u003croot\u003e]`, `enable_external_access=false`) on DuckDB 1.5.x (Arc pins duckdb-go-bindings 1.5.1) with a victim parquet written under the root:\n\n```\n[BLOCKED ] read_blob OUTSIDE root            -\u003e Permission Error: Cannot access file ...\n[EXECUTES] parquet_scan victim (read_parquet ALIAS) -\u003e [(\u0027tenant-VICTIM-row\u0027, 42)]\n[EXECUTES] glob enumerate every db under root -\u003e [(\u0027.../data/arc/victim-db/secrets/f.parquet\u0027,)]\n[EXECUTES] parquet_metadata victim           -\u003e [(\u0027leaked\u0027,\u0027tenant-VICTIM-row\u0027,\u0027tenant-VICTIM-row\u0027), (\u0027v\u0027,\u002742\u0027,\u002742\u0027)]\n```\n\nThe sandbox blocks escape (as designed) but permits every in-root cross-database read.\n\n### Impact\n\nCross-database / cross-tenant confidential read by any authenticated principal, including a least-privileged (`permissions: []`) token, on RBAC-enabled deployments. This is the same RBAC-bypass impact the original advisory described for `read_parquet`, still reachable via the alias and the unblocked I/O family. (Arc\u0027s SQLite token DB `./data/arc.db` is a sibling of `./data/arc/` and is **not** in the allowlist, so it is not readable this way \u2014 the exposure is the time-series data of every database, plus its schema and value-range statistics.)\n\n### Remediation\n\nPer-request scope the sandbox to the requesting token\u0027s authorized database path(s): `allowed_directories = [\u0027\u003cbase\u003e/\u003cauthorized-db\u003e/\u0027]`, so the file layer cannot cross the RBAC boundary regardless of which function is used. Alternatively, replace the function-name denylist with a strict allowlist of permitted table functions (alias-resolved, reject all others). A denylist of literal spellings is structurally fragile \u2014 this is the second alias/family miss after the original audit.",
  "id": "GHSA-93cm-2v4m-c56c",
  "modified": "2026-11-04T17:02:37Z",
  "published": "2026-11-04T17:02:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/security/advisories/GHSA-93cm-2v4m-c56c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55098"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/pull/495"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/commit/5dc8f53b70a3871b16b0cebf328f07c578af7a45"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/tree/v26.06.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Arc: DuckDB I/O aliases bypass database RBAC after CVE-2026-47735"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Action not permitted

CVE-2026-55098 (GCVE-0-2026-55098)

FKIE_CVE-2026-55098

GHSA-93CM-2V4M-C56C

Summary

Root cause (three composing gaps)

Exploit (authenticated, any token incl. permissions:[])

Proof (poc/poc_sandbox_alias_bypass.py, poc/OUTPUT.txt)

Impact

Remediation

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour