Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44312 (GCVE-0-2026-44312)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 16:15 – Updated: 2026-05-15 18:05

Title

css_parser allows to MITM included https css urls

Summary

css_parser is a Ruby CSS parser. Prior to 2.1.0 and 1.22.0, the CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE, meaning any HTTPS certificate—even entirely untrusted—will be accepted without validation. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0 and 1.22.0.

Severity

5.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N

CWE

CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/security/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/35…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/e0…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
premailer	css_parser	Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.0 Affected: < 1.22.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44312

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-14 17:16 - Updated: 2026-05-15 19:16

Severity

5.8 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/35e689c904225add78e0c488cf04bad052666449
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/e0c95d5abe91b237becb90ff316531a6547ada18
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/security/advisories/GHSA-ff6c-w6qf-7xqc
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/security/advisories/GHSA-ff6c-w6qf-7xqc

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "css_parser is a Ruby CSS parser. Prior to 2.1.0 and 1.22.0, the CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE, meaning any HTTPS certificate\u2014even entirely untrusted\u2014will be accepted without validation. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0 and 1.22.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-44312",
  "lastModified": "2026-05-15T19:16:59.240",
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}

GHSA-FF6C-W6QF-7XQC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 02:06 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:53

Summary

CSS Parser: Improper Certificate Validation allows MITM injection of remote CSS content

Details

Summary

The CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE, meaning any HTTPS certificate—even entirely untrusted—will be accepted without validation.

Details

In lib/css_parser/parser.rb, the HTTP client sets: https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/blob/3f91e8db7547fac50ab50cb7f9920f785f722740/lib/css_parser/parser.rb#L646

http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE

As a result, the library does not validate the authenticity of HTTPS connections and does not protect against man-in-the-middle attacks. Any attacker in a position to intercept network traffic can inject or modify CSS loaded via HTTPS URLs without detection or warning.

PoC

Set up a test Ruby project that uses the CSS Parser gem and loads an external stylesheet over HTTPS.
Use a local proxy (such as mitmproxy or Burp Suite) to intercept outgoing HTTPS requests.
Present a fake self-signed certificate to the client.
Inject custom CSS into the intercepted HTTPS response.

The request will succeed and the injected CSS will be delivered to the application, as the connection is not validated.

References

https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185

Impact

Applications using CSS Parser to load remote stylesheets over HTTPS are vulnerable to CSS injection and content manipulation, regardless of the trust status of the remote server. All users who use CSS Parser to fetch external CSS over HTTPS may be impacted.

Credit

This vulnerability was uncovered by @JLLeitschuh of the @braze-inc security team.

Severity

5.8 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "css_parser"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
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            }
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        }
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        "name": "css_parser"
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  ],
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      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T02:06:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T17:16:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with `OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE`, meaning any HTTPS certificate\u2014even entirely untrusted\u2014will be accepted without validation.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `lib/css_parser/parser.rb`, the HTTP client sets:\nhttps://github.com/premailer/css_parser/blob/3f91e8db7547fac50ab50cb7f9920f785f722740/lib/css_parser/parser.rb#L646\n\n```ruby\nhttp.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE\n```\n\nAs a result, the library does not validate the authenticity of HTTPS connections and does not protect against man-in-the-middle attacks. Any attacker in a position to intercept network traffic can inject or modify CSS loaded via HTTPS URLs without detection or warning.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Set up a test Ruby project that uses the CSS Parser gem and loads an external stylesheet over HTTPS.\n2. Use a local proxy (such as mitmproxy or Burp Suite) to intercept outgoing HTTPS requests.\n3. Present a fake self-signed certificate to the client.\n4. Inject custom CSS into the intercepted HTTPS response.\n   \nThe request will succeed and the injected CSS will be delivered to the application, as the connection is not validated.\n\n### References\n \nhttps://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185\n\n### Impact\n\nApplications using CSS Parser to load remote stylesheets over HTTPS are vulnerable to CSS injection and content manipulation, regardless of the trust status of the remote server. All users who use CSS Parser to fetch external CSS over HTTPS may be impacted.\n\n### Credit\n\nThis vulnerability was uncovered by @JLLeitschuh of the @braze-inc security team.",
  "id": "GHSA-ff6c-w6qf-7xqc",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:53:25Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T02:06:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/security/advisories/GHSA-ff6c-w6qf-7xqc"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44312"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185"
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      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/35e689c904225add78e0c488cf04bad052666449"
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      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/e0c95d5abe91b237becb90ff316531a6547ada18"
    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser"
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      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "CSS Parser: Improper Certificate Validation allows MITM injection of remote CSS content"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-44312 (GCVE-0-2026-44312)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44312

GHSA-FF6C-W6QF-7XQC

Summary

Details

PoC

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Nomenclature