CVE-2026-31622 (GCVE-0-2026-31622)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 14:42 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NFC: digital: Bounds check NFC-A cascade depth in SDD response handler
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
NFC: digital: Bounds check NFC-A cascade depth in SDD response handler
The NFC-A anti-collision cascade in digital_in_recv_sdd_res() appends 3
or 4 bytes to target->nfcid1 on each round, but the number of cascade
rounds is controlled entirely by the peer device. The peer sets the
cascade tag in the SDD_RES (deciding 3 vs 4 bytes) and the
cascade-incomplete bit in the SEL_RES (deciding whether another round
follows).
ISO 14443-3 limits NFC-A to three cascade levels and target->nfcid1 is
sized accordingly (NFC_NFCID1_MAXSIZE = 10), but nothing in the driver
actually enforces this. This means a malicious peer can keep the
cascade running, writing past the heap-allocated nfc_target with each
round.
Fix this by rejecting the response when the accumulated UID would exceed
the buffer.
Commit e329e71013c9 ("NFC: nci: Bounds check struct nfc_target arrays")
fixed similar missing checks against the same field on the NCI path.
Severity
8.8 (High)
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < 9ba6bb09e00b922d902f684f575779e5433fe6e3
(git)
Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < f83b399aa05a0712e3b1569a30d3d90b3533d2ef (git) Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < 20663102c14566e900e1d2f679e30b7f1694f387 (git) Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < 2819f34e08bdffb6f06a51c67948ec5737fb166a (git) Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < 1bec5698b55aa2be5c3b983dba657c01d0fd3dbc (git) Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < 5a59bf70c38ee1eb4be03bab830bbc3a6f0bd1f1 (git) Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < 8d9d9bf3565271ca7ab9c716a94e87296177e7ba (git) Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < cc024a3de265ef6c58957f4990eccb9f806208cb (git) Affected: 2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c , < 46ce8be2ced389bccd84bcc04a12cf2f4d0c22d1 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.13
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.13 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.258 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.136 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.83 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.24 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19.14 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0.1 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
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{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/nfc/digital_technology.c"
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},
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],
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"versions": [
{
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"version": "3.13"
},
{
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"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"version": "5.10.258",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.209",
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},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.175",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.136",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"version": "6.12.83",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.24",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.19.14",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.0.1",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.1",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nNFC: digital: Bounds check NFC-A cascade depth in SDD response handler\n\nThe NFC-A anti-collision cascade in digital_in_recv_sdd_res() appends 3\nor 4 bytes to target-\u003enfcid1 on each round, but the number of cascade\nrounds is controlled entirely by the peer device. The peer sets the\ncascade tag in the SDD_RES (deciding 3 vs 4 bytes) and the\ncascade-incomplete bit in the SEL_RES (deciding whether another round\nfollows).\n\nISO 14443-3 limits NFC-A to three cascade levels and target-\u003enfcid1 is\nsized accordingly (NFC_NFCID1_MAXSIZE = 10), but nothing in the driver\nactually enforces this. This means a malicious peer can keep the\ncascade running, writing past the heap-allocated nfc_target with each\nround.\n\nFix this by rejecting the response when the accumulated UID would exceed\nthe buffer.\n\nCommit e329e71013c9 (\"NFC: nci: Bounds check struct nfc_target arrays\")\nfixed similar missing checks against the same field on the NCI path."
}
],
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"version": "3.1"
},
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{
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"value": "AV:A - The vulnerable code processes NFC-A anti-collision responses from a peer/tag in the local NFC RF field, so the attacker must be within NFC proximity rather than on an IP network.\nAC:L - The peer controls both the cascade tag in SDD_RES and the cascade-incomplete bit in SEL_RES, and can repeat valid BCC/CRC responses to drive the overflow without a race or unusual memory state.\nPR:N - The malicious NFC peer does not need local credentials or kernel privileges; any local CAP_NET_ADMIN requirement only applies to the victim system component that starts polling.\nUI:N - In a reasonable high-impact deployment such as an NFC reader, kiosk, or access-control device, polling is already active and the attacker only needs to present the malicious NFC peer.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in the host kernel NFC stack and impacts the same kernel security authority, with no VM, IOMMU, or separate sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - This is a peer-controlled heap out-of-bounds write past struct nfc_target, and such kernel memory corruption is defensibly exploitable for information disclosure or arbitrary memory access.\nI:H - The bug writes attacker-controlled NFCID bytes beyond the fixed nfcid1 buffer and can continue across cascade rounds, making kernel memory corruption and control-flow/data integrity compromise plausible.\nA:H - Even without full exploitation, overflowing a heap-allocated kernel object from NFC response handling can corrupt adjacent state and cause an oops, panic, or persistent crash."
}
]
}
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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"references": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ba6bb09e00b922d902f684f575779e5433fe6e3"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f83b399aa05a0712e3b1569a30d3d90b3533d2ef"
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{
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],
"title": "NFC: digital: Bounds check NFC-A cascade depth in SDD response handler",
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"datePublished": "2026-04-24T14:42:39.916Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.124Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:23:52.282Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
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"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
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"cve": "CVE-2026-31622",
"date": "2026-09-16",
"epss": "0.00281",
"percentile": "0.20687"
},
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This means a malicious peer can keep the\\ncascade running, writing past the heap-allocated nfc_target with each\\nround.\\n\\nFix this by rejecting the response when the accumulated UID would exceed\\nthe buffer.\\n\\nCommit e329e71013c9 (\\\"NFC: nci: Bounds check struct nfc_target arrays\\\")\\nfixed similar missing checks against the same field on the NCI path.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/nfc/digital_technology.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"9ba6bb09e00b922d902f684f575779e5433fe6e3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"f83b399aa05a0712e3b1569a30d3d90b3533d2ef\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"20663102c14566e900e1d2f679e30b7f1694f387\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"2819f34e08bdffb6f06a51c67948ec5737fb166a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"1bec5698b55aa2be5c3b983dba657c01d0fd3dbc\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"5a59bf70c38ee1eb4be03bab830bbc3a6f0bd1f1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"8d9d9bf3565271ca7ab9c716a94e87296177e7ba\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"cc024a3de265ef6c58957f4990eccb9f806208cb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2c66daecc4092e6049673c281b2e6f0d5e59a94c\",\"lessThan\":\"46ce8be2ced389bccd84bcc04a12cf2f4d0c22d1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/nfc/digital_technology.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.13\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.13\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.258\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.209\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.175\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.136\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.83\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.24\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.19.14\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.0.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"ADJACENT_NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-120\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"3.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.136\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6E4B7C62-D2BF-4255-BC77-4D30A01DC46D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.83\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7F0AE5B5-23AC-4DCC-B37A-51CA1DAE7BA8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.24\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8126B8B8-6D0B-4443-86C1-672AEE893555\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.19.14\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D6A8A074-BBF4-4803-ABED-519A839435BB\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"7.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"7.0.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"9B5888AB-7403-4335-89E4-21CC0B48366A\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bec5698b55aa2be5c3b983dba657c01d0fd3dbc\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20663102c14566e900e1d2f679e30b7f1694f387\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2819f34e08bdffb6f06a51c67948ec5737fb166a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46ce8be2ced389bccd84bcc04a12cf2f4d0c22d1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5a59bf70c38ee1eb4be03bab830bbc3a6f0bd1f1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d9d9bf3565271ca7ab9c716a94e87296177e7ba\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ba6bb09e00b922d902f684f575779e5433fe6e3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc024a3de265ef6c58957f4990eccb9f806208cb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f83b399aa05a0712e3b1569a30d3d90b3533d2ef\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "None",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-28T12:05:20+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-31622",
"id": "CVE-2026-31622",
"initial_release_date": "2026-04-24T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: NFC: digital: Bounds check NFC-A cascade depth in SDD response handler",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31622.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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