CVE-2025-71128 (GCVE-0-2025-71128)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-14 15:07 – Updated: 2026-10-19 18:15
VLAI
Title
erspan: Initialize options_len before referencing options.
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erspan: Initialize options_len before referencing options. The struct ip_tunnel_info has a flexible array member named options that is protected by a counted_by(options_len) attribute. The compiler will use this information to enforce runtime bounds checking deployed by FORTIFY_SOURCE string helpers. As laid out in the GCC documentation, the counter must be initialized before the first reference to the flexible array member. After scanning through the files that use struct ip_tunnel_info and also refer to options or options_len, it appears the normal case is to use the ip_tunnel_info_opts_set() helper. Said helper would initialize options_len properly before copying data into options, however in the GRE ERSPAN code a partial update is done, preventing the use of the helper function. Before this change the handling of ERSPAN traffic in GRE tunnels would cause a kernel panic when the kernel is compiled with GCC 15+ and having FORTIFY_SOURCE configured: memcpy: detected buffer overflow: 4 byte write of buffer size 0 Call Trace: <IRQ> __fortify_panic+0xd/0xf erspan_rcv.cold+0x68/0x83 ? ip_route_input_slow+0x816/0x9d0 gre_rcv+0x1b2/0x1c0 gre_rcv+0x8e/0x100 ? raw_v4_input+0x2a0/0x2b0 ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x1ea/0x210 ip_local_deliver_finish+0x86/0x110 ip_local_deliver+0x65/0x110 ? ip_rcv_finish_core+0xd6/0x360 ip_rcv+0x186/0x1a0 Reported-at: https://launchpad.net/bugs/2129580
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 15:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-665 - Improper Initialization
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6641 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: bb5e62f2d547c4de6d1b144cbce2373a76c33f18 , < b282b2a9eed848587c1348abdd5d83fa346a2743 (git)
Affected: bb5e62f2d547c4de6d1b144cbce2373a76c33f18 , < 35ddf66c65eff93fff91406756ba273600bf61a3 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.4 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nerspan: Inicializar options_len antes de referenciar options.\n\nLa struct ip_tunnel_info tiene un miembro de array flexible llamado options que est\u00e1 protegido por un atributo counted_by(options_len).\n\nEl compilador usar\u00e1 esta informaci\u00f3n para aplicar la comprobaci\u00f3n de l\u00edmites en tiempo de ejecuci\u00f3n implementada por los ayudantes de cadena de FORTIFY_SOURCE.\n\nComo se establece en la documentaci\u00f3n de GCC, el contador debe ser inicializado antes de la primera referencia al miembro de array flexible.\n\nDespu\u00e9s de escanear los archivos que usan la struct ip_tunnel_info y tambi\u00e9n se refieren a options o options_len, parece que el caso normal es usar el ayudante ip_tunnel_info_opts_set().\n\nDicho ayudante inicializar\u00eda options_len correctamente antes de copiar datos en options, sin embargo, en el c\u00f3digo GRE ERSPAN se realiza una actualizaci\u00f3n parcial, impidiendo el uso de la funci\u00f3n ayudante.\n\nAntes de este cambio, el manejo del tr\u00e1fico ERSPAN en t\u00faneles GRE causar\u00eda un p\u00e1nico del kernel cuando el kernel es compilado con GCC 15+ y teniendo FORTIFY_SOURCE configurado:\n\nmemcpy: desbordamiento de b\u00fafer detectado: escritura de 4 bytes en un b\u00fafer de tama\u00f1o 0\n\nTraza de Llamada:\n \n __fortify_panic+0xd/0xf\n erspan_rcv.cold+0x68/0x83\n ? ip_route_input_slow+0x816/0x9d0\n gre_rcv+0x1b2/0x1c0\n gre_rcv+0x8e/0x100\n ? raw_v4_input+0x2a0/0x2b0\n ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x1ea/0x210\n ip_local_deliver_finish+0x86/0x110\n ip_local_deliver+0x65/0x110\n ? ip_rcv_finish_core+0xd6/0x360\n ip_rcv+0x186/0x1a0\n\nReportado en: https://launchpad.net/bugs/2129580"
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            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-71128",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:05:53.966037Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-665",
                    "description": "CWE-665 Improper Initialization",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T15:05:54.503Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "net/ipv4/ip_gre.c",
                "net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "b282b2a9eed848587c1348abdd5d83fa346a2743",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "bb5e62f2d547c4de6d1b144cbce2373a76c33f18",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "35ddf66c65eff93fff91406756ba273600bf61a3",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "bb5e62f2d547c4de6d1b144cbce2373a76c33f18",
                  "versionType": "git"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "affected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "net/ipv4/ip_gre.c",
                "net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "6.15"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "6.15",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.18.4",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.19",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.4",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.19",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nerspan: Initialize options_len before referencing options.\n\nThe struct ip_tunnel_info has a flexible array member named\noptions that is protected by a counted_by(options_len)\nattribute.\n\nThe compiler will use this information to enforce runtime bounds\nchecking deployed by FORTIFY_SOURCE string helpers.\n\nAs laid out in the GCC documentation, the counter must be\ninitialized before the first reference to the flexible array\nmember.\n\nAfter scanning through the files that use struct ip_tunnel_info\nand also refer to options or options_len, it appears the normal\ncase is to use the ip_tunnel_info_opts_set() helper.\n\nSaid helper would initialize options_len properly before copying\ndata into options, however in the GRE ERSPAN code a partial\nupdate is done, preventing the use of the helper function.\n\nBefore this change the handling of ERSPAN traffic in GRE tunnels\nwould cause a kernel panic when the kernel is compiled with\nGCC 15+ and having FORTIFY_SOURCE configured:\n\nmemcpy: detected buffer overflow: 4 byte write of buffer size 0\n\nCall Trace:\n \u003cIRQ\u003e\n __fortify_panic+0xd/0xf\n erspan_rcv.cold+0x68/0x83\n ? ip_route_input_slow+0x816/0x9d0\n gre_rcv+0x1b2/0x1c0\n gre_rcv+0x8e/0x100\n ? raw_v4_input+0x2a0/0x2b0\n ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x1ea/0x210\n ip_local_deliver_finish+0x86/0x110\n ip_local_deliver+0x65/0x110\n ? ip_rcv_finish_core+0xd6/0x360\n ip_rcv+0x186/0x1a0\n\nReported-at: https://launchpad.net/bugs/2129580"
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "AV:N - IPv4 or IPv6 ERSPAN is carried over routable GRE/IP, allowing a remote attacker to send packets directly to an enabled collect-metadata ERSPAN endpoint.\nAC:L - Once the affected GCC 15+ FORTIFY build and metadata-mode endpoint exist, one well-formed packet deterministically triggers the failure without a race or heap-layout requirement.\nPR:N - Creating the endpoint requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but the packet-processing path has no capability or authentication gate. A collect-metadata tunnel acts as a wildcard endpoint and accepts packets from unauthenticated peers.\nUI:N - Receiving the attacker-supplied packet triggers the vulnerability without any victim action.\nS:U - The resulting kernel failure affects resources governed by the same host-kernel security authority and does not cross a VM or comparable boundary.\nC:N - The allocation includes the complete ERSPAN metadata buffer, and FORTIFY invokes BUG() before the allegedly overflowing copy; no out-of-bounds read or disclosure primitive exists.\nI:N - The defect does not perform an out-of-bounds write: the destination is physically large enough, and the erroneous runtime bounds check stops execution before memcpy.\nA:H - The zero dynamic bound reaches __fortify_panic and BUG() in the receive softirq, producing a repeatable kernel oops or panic and system-wide service loss."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:12:14.477Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b282b2a9eed848587c1348abdd5d83fa346a2743"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/35ddf66c65eff93fff91406756ba273600bf61a3"
            }
          ],
          "title": "erspan: Initialize options_len before referencing options.",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-71128",
        "datePublished": "2026-01-14T15:07:44.941Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:30:19.655Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:15:15.302Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Sightings

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Nomenclature

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