CVE-2025-68973 (GCVE-0-2025-68973)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-28 16:19 – Updated: 2026-04-30 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-29 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-675 - Multiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation Context
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-68973",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-29T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-30T03:55:53.604Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://gpg.fail/memcpy"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T19:04:33.329Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/29/11"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00008.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "GnuPG",
"vendor": "GnuPG",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.2.51",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.4.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gnupg:gnupg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.2.51",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gnupg:gnupg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.4.9",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.3.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-675",
"description": "CWE-675 Multiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation Context",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-02T20:43:57.832Z",
"orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"shortName": "mitre"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gpg.fail/memcpy"
},
{
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46403200"
},
{
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/28/5"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/commit/115d138ba599328005c5321c0ef9f00355838ca9"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/blob/ff30683418695f5d2cc9e6cf8c9418e09378ebe4/g10/armor.c#L1305-L1306"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/compare/gnupg-2.2.50...gnupg-2.2.51"
},
{
"url": "https://media.ccc.de/v/39c3-to-sign-or-not-to-sign-practical-vulnerabilities-i"
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "CVE-Request-form 0.0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"assignerShortName": "mitre",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68973",
"datePublished": "2025-12-28T16:19:11.019Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-28T16:19:10.762Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-30T03:55:53.604Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-68973",
"date": "2026-10-23",
"epss": "0.00152",
"percentile": "0.03994"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-02-25T01:36:51.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68973",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-68973",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "2",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "In GnuPG through 2.4.8, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-68973.json",
"version": "4"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "GnuPG",
"vendor": "GnuPG",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.2.51",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.4.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "cve@mitre.org"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gnupg:gnupg:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "8D4239B3-0B8A-4E14-9E33-DD52A3F8FF25",
"versionEndIncluding": "2.4.8",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En GnuPG anterior a 2.4.9, armor_filter en g10/armor.c tiene dos incrementos de una variable de \u00edndice donde solo uno est\u00e1 previsto, lo que lleva a una escritura fuera de l\u00edmites para una entrada manipulada. (Para ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 y posteriores son versiones corregidas.)"
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-68973",
"lastModified": "2026-10-13T09:10:00.323",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.4,
"impactScore": 5.8,
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.0,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-68973",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-29T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-28T17:16:01.500",
"references": [
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/blob/ff30683418695f5d2cc9e6cf8c9418e09378ebe4/g10/armor.c#L1305-L1306"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/commit/115d138ba599328005c5321c0ef9f00355838ca9"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/compare/gnupg-2.2.50...gnupg-2.2.51"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Broken Link"
],
"url": "https://gpg.fail/memcpy"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Issue Tracking"
],
"url": "https://media.ccc.de/v/39c3-to-sign-or-not-to-sign-practical-vulnerabilities-i"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Issue Tracking"
],
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46403200"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/28/5"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List",
"Patch"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/29/11"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00008.html"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"Broken Link"
],
"url": "https://gpg.fail/memcpy"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-675"
}
],
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-787"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-21T15:47:54+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68973",
"id": "CVE-2025-68973",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-28T16:19:11.019000+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "394",
"product_status:known_affected": "3",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "149",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "GnuPG: GnuPG: Information disclosure and potential arbitrary code execution via out-of-bounds write",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68973.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T19:04:33.329Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/29/11"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00008.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-68973",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-29T16:22:29.534824Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-29T16:22:23.591Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://gpg.fail/memcpy"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "GnuPG",
"vendor": "GnuPG",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.2.51",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.4.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gnupg:gnupg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.2.51",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gnupg:gnupg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.4.9",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.3.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-675",
"description": "CWE-675 Multiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation Context",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-02T20:43:57.832Z",
"orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"shortName": "mitre"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gpg.fail/memcpy"
},
{
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46403200"
},
{
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/28/5"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/commit/115d138ba599328005c5321c0ef9f00355838ca9"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/blob/ff30683418695f5d2cc9e6cf8c9418e09378ebe4/g10/armor.c#L1305-L1306"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/compare/gnupg-2.2.50...gnupg-2.2.51"
},
{
"url": "https://media.ccc.de/v/39c3-to-sign-or-not-to-sign-practical-vulnerabilities-i"
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "CVE-Request-form 0.0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"assignerShortName": "mitre",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68973",
"datePublished": "2025-12-28T16:19:11.019Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-28T16:19:10.762Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-30T03:55:53.604Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.