CVE-2025-68372 (GCVE-0-2025-68372)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-24 10:33 – Updated: 2026-06-16 19:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nbd: defer config put in recv_work
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nbd: defer config put in recv_work
There is one uaf issue in recv_work when running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK and
NBD_CMD_RECONFIGURE:
nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2 (connect and recv_work A)
nbd_open // conf_ref=3
recv_work A done // conf_ref=2
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=1
nbd_genl_reconfigure // conf_ref=2 (trigger recv_work B)
close nbd // conf_ref=1
recv_work B
config_put // conf_ref=0
atomic_dec(&config->recv_threads); -> UAF
Or only running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:
nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2
nbd_open // conf_ref=3
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=2
close nbd
nbd_release
config_put // conf_ref=1
recv_work
config_put // conf_ref=0
atomic_dec(&config->recv_threads); -> UAF
Commit 87aac3a80af5 ("nbd: call nbd_config_put() before notifying the
waiter") moved nbd_config_put() to run before waking up the waiter in
recv_work, in order to ensure that nbd_start_device_ioctl() would not
be woken up while nbd->task_recv was still uncleared.
However, in nbd_start_device_ioctl(), after being woken up it explicitly
calls flush_workqueue() to make sure all current works are finished.
Therefore, there is no need to move the config put ahead of the wakeup.
Move nbd_config_put() to the end of recv_work, so that the reference is
held for the whole lifetime of the worker thread. This makes sure the
config cannot be freed while recv_work is still running, even if clear
+ reconfigure interleave.
In addition, we don't need to worry about recv_work dropping the last
nbd_put (which causes deadlock):
path A (netlink with NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):
connect // nbd_refs=1 (trigger recv_work)
open nbd // nbd_refs=2
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK
close nbd
nbd_release
nbd_disconnect_and_put
flush_workqueue // recv_work done
nbd_config_put
nbd_put // nbd_refs=1
nbd_put // nbd_refs=0
queue_work
path B (netlink without NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):
connect // nbd_refs=2 (trigger recv_work)
open nbd // nbd_refs=3
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_refs=2
close nbd
nbd_release
nbd_config_put // conf_refs=1
nbd_put // nbd_refs=2
recv_work done // conf_refs=0, nbd_refs=1
rmmod // nbd_refs=0
Depends-on: e2daec488c57 ("nbd: Fix hungtask when nbd_config_put")
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 19:28 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < 198aa230a6f8c1f6af7ed26b29180749c3e79e4d
(git)
Affected: 87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < d3ba312675911ff9e3fefefd551751e153a9f0a9 (git) Affected: 87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < 3692884bd6187d89d41eef81e5a9724519fd01c1 (git) Affected: 87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < 1ba2ced2bbdf7e64a30c3e88c70ea8bc208d1509 (git) Affected: 87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < 6b69593f72e1bfba6ca47ca8d9b619341fded7d6 (git) Affected: 87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < 443a1721806b6ff6303b5229e9811d68172d622f (git) Affected: 87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < 742012f6bf29553fdc460bf646a58df3a7b43d01 (git) Affected: 87aac3a80af5cbad93e63250e8a1e19095ba0d30 , < 9517b82d8d422d426a988b213fdd45c6b417b86d (git) Affected: 0a4e383fc3aa6540f804c4fd1184a96ae5de6ef8 (git) Affected: 2ef6f4bd60411934e3fc2715442c2afe70f84bf3 (git) Affected: 742fd49cf811ca164489e339b862e3fb8e240a73 (git) Affected: 14df8724aeeef338172e2a2d6efadc989921ca0f (git) Affected: 4.14.204 , < 4.15 (semver) Affected: 4.19.155 , < 4.20 (semver) Affected: 5.4.75 , < 5.5 (semver) Affected: 5.9.5 , < 5.10 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.10 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.63 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.13 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.2 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnbd: defer config put in recv_work\n\nThere is one uaf issue in recv_work when running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK and\nNBD_CMD_RECONFIGURE:\n nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2 (connect and recv_work A)\n nbd_open\t // conf_ref=3\n recv_work A done // conf_ref=2\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=1\n nbd_genl_reconfigure // conf_ref=2 (trigger recv_work B)\n close nbd\t // conf_ref=1\n recv_work B\n config_put // conf_ref=0\n atomic_dec(\u0026config-\u003erecv_threads); -\u003e UAF\n\nOr only running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:\n nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2\n nbd_open \t // conf_ref=3\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=2\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n config_put // conf_ref=1\n recv_work\n config_put \t // conf_ref=0\n atomic_dec(\u0026config-\u003erecv_threads); -\u003e UAF\n\nCommit 87aac3a80af5 (\"nbd: call nbd_config_put() before notifying the\nwaiter\") moved nbd_config_put() to run before waking up the waiter in\nrecv_work, in order to ensure that nbd_start_device_ioctl() would not\nbe woken up while nbd-\u003etask_recv was still uncleared.\n\nHowever, in nbd_start_device_ioctl(), after being woken up it explicitly\ncalls flush_workqueue() to make sure all current works are finished.\nTherefore, there is no need to move the config put ahead of the wakeup.\n\nMove nbd_config_put() to the end of recv_work, so that the reference is\nheld for the whole lifetime of the worker thread. This makes sure the\nconfig cannot be freed while recv_work is still running, even if clear\n+ reconfigure interleave.\n\nIn addition, we don\u0027t need to worry about recv_work dropping the last\nnbd_put (which causes deadlock):\n\npath A (netlink with NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):\n connect // nbd_refs=1 (trigger recv_work)\n open nbd // nbd_refs=2\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n nbd_disconnect_and_put\n flush_workqueue // recv_work done\n nbd_config_put\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=1\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=0\n queue_work\n\npath B (netlink without NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):\n connect // nbd_refs=2 (trigger recv_work)\n open nbd // nbd_refs=3\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_refs=2\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n nbd_config_put // conf_refs=1\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=2\n recv_work done // conf_refs=0, nbd_refs=1\n rmmod // nbd_refs=0\n\nDepends-on: e2daec488c57 (\"nbd: Fix hungtask when nbd_config_put\")"
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"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnbd: defer config put in recv_work\n\nThere is one uaf issue in recv_work when running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK and\nNBD_CMD_RECONFIGURE:\n nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2 (connect and recv_work A)\n nbd_open\t // conf_ref=3\n recv_work A done // conf_ref=2\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=1\n nbd_genl_reconfigure // conf_ref=2 (trigger recv_work B)\n close nbd\t // conf_ref=1\n recv_work B\n config_put // conf_ref=0\n atomic_dec(\u0026config-\u003erecv_threads); -\u003e UAF\n\nOr only running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:\n nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2\n nbd_open \t // conf_ref=3\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=2\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n config_put // conf_ref=1\n recv_work\n config_put \t // conf_ref=0\n atomic_dec(\u0026config-\u003erecv_threads); -\u003e UAF\n\nCommit 87aac3a80af5 (\"nbd: call nbd_config_put() before notifying the\nwaiter\") moved nbd_config_put() to run before waking up the waiter in\nrecv_work, in order to ensure that nbd_start_device_ioctl() would not\nbe woken up while nbd-\u003etask_recv was still uncleared.\n\nHowever, in nbd_start_device_ioctl(), after being woken up it explicitly\ncalls flush_workqueue() to make sure all current works are finished.\nTherefore, there is no need to move the config put ahead of the wakeup.\n\nMove nbd_config_put() to the end of recv_work, so that the reference is\nheld for the whole lifetime of the worker thread. This makes sure the\nconfig cannot be freed while recv_work is still running, even if clear\n+ reconfigure interleave.\n\nIn addition, we don\u0027t need to worry about recv_work dropping the last\nnbd_put (which causes deadlock):\n\npath A (netlink with NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):\n connect // nbd_refs=1 (trigger recv_work)\n open nbd // nbd_refs=2\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n nbd_disconnect_and_put\n flush_workqueue // recv_work done\n nbd_config_put\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=1\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=0\n queue_work\n\npath B (netlink without NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):\n connect // nbd_refs=2 (trigger recv_work)\n open nbd // nbd_refs=3\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_refs=2\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n nbd_config_put // conf_refs=1\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=2\n recv_work done // conf_refs=0, nbd_refs=1\n rmmod // nbd_refs=0\n\nDepends-on: e2daec488c57 (\"nbd: Fix hungtask when nbd_config_put\")"
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-68372",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:59:01.167",
"metrics": {
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},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T01:53:04+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68372",
"id": "CVE-2025-68372",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-24T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "246",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "28",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: nbd: defer config put in recv_work",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68372.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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"cna": {
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{
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"programFiles": [
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"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
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{
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnbd: defer config put in recv_work\n\nThere is one uaf issue in recv_work when running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK and\nNBD_CMD_RECONFIGURE:\n nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2 (connect and recv_work A)\n nbd_open\t // conf_ref=3\n recv_work A done // conf_ref=2\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=1\n nbd_genl_reconfigure // conf_ref=2 (trigger recv_work B)\n close nbd\t // conf_ref=1\n recv_work B\n config_put // conf_ref=0\n atomic_dec(\u0026config-\u003erecv_threads); -\u003e UAF\n\nOr only running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:\n nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2\n nbd_open \t // conf_ref=3\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=2\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n config_put // conf_ref=1\n recv_work\n config_put \t // conf_ref=0\n atomic_dec(\u0026config-\u003erecv_threads); -\u003e UAF\n\nCommit 87aac3a80af5 (\"nbd: call nbd_config_put() before notifying the\nwaiter\") moved nbd_config_put() to run before waking up the waiter in\nrecv_work, in order to ensure that nbd_start_device_ioctl() would not\nbe woken up while nbd-\u003etask_recv was still uncleared.\n\nHowever, in nbd_start_device_ioctl(), after being woken up it explicitly\ncalls flush_workqueue() to make sure all current works are finished.\nTherefore, there is no need to move the config put ahead of the wakeup.\n\nMove nbd_config_put() to the end of recv_work, so that the reference is\nheld for the whole lifetime of the worker thread. This makes sure the\nconfig cannot be freed while recv_work is still running, even if clear\n+ reconfigure interleave.\n\nIn addition, we don\u0027t need to worry about recv_work dropping the last\nnbd_put (which causes deadlock):\n\npath A (netlink with NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):\n connect // nbd_refs=1 (trigger recv_work)\n open nbd // nbd_refs=2\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n nbd_disconnect_and_put\n flush_workqueue // recv_work done\n nbd_config_put\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=1\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=0\n queue_work\n\npath B (netlink without NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):\n connect // nbd_refs=2 (trigger recv_work)\n open nbd // nbd_refs=3\n NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_refs=2\n close nbd\n nbd_release\n nbd_config_put // conf_refs=1\n nbd_put // nbd_refs=2\n recv_work done // conf_refs=0, nbd_refs=1\n rmmod // nbd_refs=0\n\nDepends-on: e2daec488c57 (\"nbd: Fix hungtask when nbd_config_put\")"
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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