CVE-2025-68366 (GCVE-0-2025-68366)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-24 10:32 – Updated: 2026-06-16 19:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nbd: defer config unlock in nbd_genl_connect
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nbd: defer config unlock in nbd_genl_connect
There is one use-after-free warning when running NBD_CMD_CONNECT and
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:
nbd_genl_connect
nbd_alloc_and_init_config // config_refs=1
nbd_start_device // config_refs=2
set NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF open nbd // config_refs=3
recv_work done // config_refs=2
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // config_refs=1
close nbd // config_refs=0
refcount_inc -> uaf
------------[ cut here ]------------
refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.
WARNING: CPU: 24 PID: 1014 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x12e/0x290
nbd_genl_connect+0x16d0/0x1ab0
genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x1f3/0x310
genl_rcv_msg+0x44a/0x790
The issue can be easily reproduced by adding a small delay before
refcount_inc(&nbd->config_refs) in nbd_genl_connect():
mutex_unlock(&nbd->config_lock);
if (!ret) {
set_bit(NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF, &config->runtime_flags);
+ printk("before sleep\n");
+ mdelay(5 * 1000);
+ printk("after sleep\n");
refcount_inc(&nbd->config_refs);
nbd_connect_reply(info, nbd->index);
}
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 19:12 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < 330d688a5ca53857828081a3cf31b92ad1b0b3ed
(git)
Affected: e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < cd93db1b1b4460e6ee77564024ea461e5940f69c (git) Affected: e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < ae3e7bc1f4b393ae20e5c85583eb2c6977374716 (git) Affected: e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < 2e5e0665a594f076ef2b9439447bae8be293d09d (git) Affected: e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < c9b99c948b4fb014812afe7b5ccf2db121d22e46 (git) Affected: e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < 9a38306643874566d20f7aba7dff9e6f657b51a9 (git) Affected: e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < c9e805f6a35d1dd189a9345595a5c20e87611942 (git) Affected: e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099 , < 1649714b930f9ea6233ce0810ba885999da3b5d4 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.63 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.13 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.2 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnbd: defer config unlock in nbd_genl_connect\n\nThere is one use-after-free warning when running NBD_CMD_CONNECT and\nNBD_CLEAR_SOCK:\n\nnbd_genl_connect\n nbd_alloc_and_init_config // config_refs=1\n nbd_start_device // config_refs=2\n set NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF\t\t\topen nbd // config_refs=3\n recv_work done // config_refs=2\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNBD_CLEAR_SOCK // config_refs=1\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclose nbd // config_refs=0\n refcount_inc -\u003e uaf\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nrefcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\nWARNING: CPU: 24 PID: 1014 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x12e/0x290\n nbd_genl_connect+0x16d0/0x1ab0\n genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x1f3/0x310\n genl_rcv_msg+0x44a/0x790\n\nThe issue can be easily reproduced by adding a small delay before\nrefcount_inc(\u0026nbd-\u003econfig_refs) in nbd_genl_connect():\n\n mutex_unlock(\u0026nbd-\u003econfig_lock);\n if (!ret) {\n set_bit(NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF, \u0026config-\u003eruntime_flags);\n+ printk(\"before sleep\\n\");\n+ mdelay(5 * 1000);\n+ printk(\"after sleep\\n\");\n refcount_inc(\u0026nbd-\u003econfig_refs);\n nbd_connect_reply(info, nbd-\u003eindex);\n }"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnbd: aplazar el desbloqueo de la configuraci\u00f3n en nbd_genl_connect\n\nHay una advertencia de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n al ejecutar NBD_CMD_CONNECT y NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:\n\nnbd_genl_connect\n nbd_alloc_and_init_config // config_refs=1\n nbd_start_device // config_refs=2\n establecer NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF abrir nbd // config_refs=3\n recv_work terminado // config_refs=2\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNBD_CLEAR_SOCK // config_refs=1\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcerrar nbd // config_refs=0\n refcount_inc -\u003e uaf\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nrefcount_t: adici\u00f3n en 0; uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n.\nADVERTENCIA: CPU: 24 PID: 1014 en lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x12e/0x290\n nbd_genl_connect+0x16d0/0x1ab0\n genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x1f3/0x310\n genl_rcv_msg+0x44a/0x790\n\nEl problema puede reproducirse f\u00e1cilmente a\u00f1adiendo un peque\u00f1o retardo antes de refcount_inc(\u0026nbd -\u003e config_refs) en nbd_genl_connect():\n\n mutex_unlock(\u0026nbd -\u003e config_lock);\n if (!ret) {\n set_bit(NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF, \u0026config -\u003e runtime_flags);\n+ printk(\u201cbefore sleep\\n\u201d);\n+ mdelay(5 * 1000);\n+ printk(\u201cafter sleep\\n\u201d);\n refcount_inc(\u0026nbd -\u003e config_refs);\n nbd_connect_reply(info, nbd -\u003e index);\n }"
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-68366",
"lastModified": "2026-10-13T11:10:00.203",
"metrics": {
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{
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],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-16T19:12:23.169488Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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]
},
"published": "2025-12-24T11:16:00.163",
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"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/330d688a5ca53857828081a3cf31b92ad1b0b3ed"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a38306643874566d20f7aba7dff9e6f657b51a9"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae3e7bc1f4b393ae20e5c85583eb2c6977374716"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9b99c948b4fb014812afe7b5ccf2db121d22e46"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9e805f6a35d1dd189a9345595a5c20e87611942"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd93db1b1b4460e6ee77564024ea461e5940f69c"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T01:43:50+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68366",
"id": "CVE-2025-68366",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-24T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "2026",
"product_status:known_affected": "22",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: nbd: defer config unlock in nbd_genl_connect",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68366.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-68366",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-16T19:12:23.169488Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T19:12:30.563Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/block/nbd.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "330d688a5ca53857828081a3cf31b92ad1b0b3ed",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cd93db1b1b4460e6ee77564024ea461e5940f69c",
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"lessThan": "ae3e7bc1f4b393ae20e5c85583eb2c6977374716",
"status": "affected",
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},
{
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"status": "affected",
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},
{
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"status": "affected",
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{
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"status": "affected",
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{
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "1649714b930f9ea6233ce0810ba885999da3b5d4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e46c7287b1c27683a8e30ca825fb98e2b97f1099",
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]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
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],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.12"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.12",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.248",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.198",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.160",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.120",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.63",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.13",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.19",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.248",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.198",
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},
{
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}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnbd: defer config unlock in nbd_genl_connect\n\nThere is one use-after-free warning when running NBD_CMD_CONNECT and\nNBD_CLEAR_SOCK:\n\nnbd_genl_connect\n nbd_alloc_and_init_config // config_refs=1\n nbd_start_device // config_refs=2\n set NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF\t\t\topen nbd // config_refs=3\n recv_work done // config_refs=2\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNBD_CLEAR_SOCK // config_refs=1\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclose nbd // config_refs=0\n refcount_inc -\u003e uaf\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nrefcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\nWARNING: CPU: 24 PID: 1014 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x12e/0x290\n nbd_genl_connect+0x16d0/0x1ab0\n genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x1f3/0x310\n genl_rcv_msg+0x44a/0x790\n\nThe issue can be easily reproduced by adding a small delay before\nrefcount_inc(\u0026nbd-\u003econfig_refs) in nbd_genl_connect():\n\n mutex_unlock(\u0026nbd-\u003econfig_lock);\n if (!ret) {\n set_bit(NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF, \u0026config-\u003eruntime_flags);\n+ printk(\"before sleep\\n\");\n+ mdelay(5 * 1000);\n+ printk(\"after sleep\\n\");\n refcount_inc(\u0026nbd-\u003econfig_refs);\n nbd_connect_reply(info, nbd-\u003eindex);\n }"
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
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"references": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/330d688a5ca53857828081a3cf31b92ad1b0b3ed"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd93db1b1b4460e6ee77564024ea461e5940f69c"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a38306643874566d20f7aba7dff9e6f657b51a9"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9e805f6a35d1dd189a9345595a5c20e87611942"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1649714b930f9ea6233ce0810ba885999da3b5d4"
}
],
"title": "nbd: defer config unlock in nbd_genl_connect",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
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},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68366",
"datePublished": "2025-12-24T10:32:53.399Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-16T14:48:05.308Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T19:12:35.384Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.