CVE-2025-68241 (GCVE-0-2025-68241)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 14:21 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe
The sit driver's packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() ->
update_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called
to delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.
The race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for
deletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the
concurrent path's __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() can fetch the
soon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a
new dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU,
the dst reference remains permanently leaked.
CPU 0 CPU 1
__mkroute_output()
find_exception() [fnheX]
update_or_create_fnhe()
fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]
rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]
RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]
This issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in
dmesg when unregistering the net device:
unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N
Ido Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].
The fix clears 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' before calling fnhe_flush_routes().
Since rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents
the stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it
is freed.
[1]
ip netns add ns1
ip -n ns1 link set dev lo up
ip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo
ip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy
ip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1
ip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \
local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2
ip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1
taskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \
-A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &
taskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \
-A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &
sleep 10
ip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill
ip netns del ns1
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 16:24 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
e46e23c289f62ccd8e2230d9ce652072d777ff30 , < 69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca
(git)
Affected: 5867e20e1808acd0c832ddea2587e5ee49813874 , < 4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282 (git) Affected: 67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e , < 298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1 (git) Affected: 67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e , < b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94 (git) Affected: 67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e , < 041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8 (git) Affected: 67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e , < b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e (git) Affected: 67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e , < 0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0 (git) Affected: 67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e , < ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40 (git) Affected: bed8941fbdb72a61f6348c4deb0db69c4de87aca (git) Affected: f10ce783bcc4d8ea454563a7d56ae781640e7dcb (git) Affected: f484595be6b7ef9d095a32becabb5dae8204fb2a (git) Affected: 3e6bd2b583f18da9856fc9741ffa200a74a52cba (git) Affected: 5ae06218331f39ec45b5d039aa7cb3ddd4bb8008 (git) Affected: 4589a12dcf80af31137ef202be1ff4a321707a73 (git) Affected: 5.4.146 , < 5.4.302 (semver) Affected: 5.10.65 , < 5.10.247 (semver) Affected: 4.4.284 , < 4.5 (semver) Affected: 4.9.283 , < 4.10 (semver) Affected: 4.14.247 , < 4.15 (semver) Affected: 4.19.207 , < 4.20 (semver) Affected: 5.13.17 , < 5.14 (semver) Affected: 5.14.4 , < 5.15 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.302 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.247 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.197 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.159 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.117 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.59 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.9 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe\n\nThe sit driver\u0027s packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() -\u003e\nupdate_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called\nto delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.\n\nThe race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for\ndeletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the\nconcurrent path\u0027s __mkroute_output() -\u003e find_exception() can fetch the\nsoon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a\nnew dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU,\nthe dst reference remains permanently leaked.\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n__mkroute_output()\n find_exception() [fnheX]\n update_or_create_fnhe()\n fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]\n rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]\n RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]\n\nThis issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in\ndmesg when unregistering the net device:\n\n unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N\n\nIdo Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].\n\nThe fix clears \u0027oldest-\u003efnhe_daddr\u0027 before calling fnhe_flush_routes().\nSince rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents\nthe stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it\nis freed.\n\n[1]\nip netns add ns1\nip -n ns1 link set dev lo up\nip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo\nip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy\nip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1\nip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \\\n local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2\nip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1\ntaskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q \u0026\ntaskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q \u0026\nsleep 10\nip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill\nip netns del ns1"
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When the original fnheX is freed via RCU,\\nthe dst reference remains permanently leaked.\\n\\nCPU 0 CPU 1\\n__mkroute_output()\\n find_exception() [fnheX]\\n update_or_create_fnhe()\\n fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]\\n rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]\\n RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]\\n\\nThis issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in\\ndmesg when unregistering the net device:\\n\\n unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N\\n\\nIdo Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].\\n\\nThe fix clears \u0027oldest-\u003efnhe_daddr\u0027 before calling fnhe_flush_routes().\\nSince rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents\\nthe stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it\\nis freed.\\n\\n[1]\\nip netns add ns1\\nip -n ns1 link set dev lo up\\nip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo\\nip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy\\nip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1\\nip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \\\\\\n local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2\\nip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1\\ntaskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\\\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q \u0026\\ntaskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\\\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q \u0026\\nsleep 10\\nip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill\\nip netns del ns1\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/ipv4/route.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"e46e23c289f62ccd8e2230d9ce652072d777ff30\",\"lessThan\":\"69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5867e20e1808acd0c832ddea2587e5ee49813874\",\"lessThan\":\"4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\",\"lessThan\":\"298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\",\"lessThan\":\"b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\",\"lessThan\":\"041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\",\"lessThan\":\"b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\",\"lessThan\":\"0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\",\"lessThan\":\"ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bed8941fbdb72a61f6348c4deb0db69c4de87aca\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f10ce783bcc4d8ea454563a7d56ae781640e7dcb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f484595be6b7ef9d095a32becabb5dae8204fb2a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3e6bd2b583f18da9856fc9741ffa200a74a52cba\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5ae06218331f39ec45b5d039aa7cb3ddd4bb8008\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4589a12dcf80af31137ef202be1ff4a321707a73\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.146\",\"lessThan\":\"5.4.302\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.65\",\"lessThan\":\"5.10.247\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.4.284\",\"lessThan\":\"4.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.9.283\",\"lessThan\":\"4.10\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.14.247\",\"lessThan\":\"4.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.19.207\",\"lessThan\":\"4.20\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.13.17\",\"lessThan\":\"5.14\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.14.4\",\"lessThan\":\"5.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/ipv4/route.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.15\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.302\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.247\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.197\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.159\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.117\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.59\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17.9\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-16T16:24:01.270292Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-68241\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:34:03+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68241",
"id": "CVE-2025-68241",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-16T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "246",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "28",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68241.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-68241\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-16T16:24:01.270292Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-16T16:24:08.378Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"AV:N - On a router with a broad IPv4 route through a GRE/SIT tunnel, unauthenticated remote packets can reach both route-cache binding and tunnel PMTU exception eviction.\\nAC:L - The attacker controls destination diversity and concurrency; parallel packet streams can fill exception buckets and repeatedly trigger both sides of the race despite randomized bucket limits.\\nPR:N - The remote forwarding path has no authentication or capability check. Administrative privileges are needed to configure the router and tunnel, but not by an attacker sending packets through an existing deployment.\\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only attacker-generated packet traffic and no action by a victim user.\\nS:U - The leaked route and device references affect resources managed by the same kernel security authority and do not cross a virtualization or sandbox boundary.\\nC:N - RCU keeps the stale exception allocated while it is used, so this is not a use-after-free, out-of-bounds access, or information-disclosure primitive.\\nI:N - The bug loses a legitimate route reference without corrupting attacker-selected memory or enabling data modification or control-flow hijacking.\\nA:H - Each successful race permanently leaks an rtable and net-device reference; repeated triggering can create unbounded memory pressure, while even one leak can make device or network-namespace teardown wait indefinitely.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"e46e23c289f62ccd8e2230d9ce652072d777ff30\", \"lessThan\": \"69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5867e20e1808acd0c832ddea2587e5ee49813874\", \"lessThan\": \"4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\", \"lessThan\": \"298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\", \"lessThan\": \"b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\", \"lessThan\": \"041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\", \"lessThan\": \"b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\", \"lessThan\": \"0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e\", \"lessThan\": \"ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bed8941fbdb72a61f6348c4deb0db69c4de87aca\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f10ce783bcc4d8ea454563a7d56ae781640e7dcb\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f484595be6b7ef9d095a32becabb5dae8204fb2a\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3e6bd2b583f18da9856fc9741ffa200a74a52cba\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5ae06218331f39ec45b5d039aa7cb3ddd4bb8008\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4589a12dcf80af31137ef202be1ff4a321707a73\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.4.146\", \"lessThan\": \"5.4.302\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.10.65\", \"lessThan\": \"5.10.247\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.4.284\", \"lessThan\": \"4.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.9.283\", \"lessThan\": \"4.10\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.14.247\", \"lessThan\": \"4.15\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.19.207\", \"lessThan\": \"4.20\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.13.17\", \"lessThan\": \"5.14\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.14.4\", \"lessThan\": \"5.15\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/ipv4/route.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.15\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.15\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.4.302\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.4.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.247\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.197\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.159\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.117\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.59\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.17.9\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.17.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.18\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/ipv4/route.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe\\n\\nThe sit driver\u0027s packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() -\u003e\\nupdate_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called\\nto delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.\\n\\nThe race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for\\ndeletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the\\nconcurrent path\u0027s __mkroute_output() -\u003e find_exception() can fetch the\\nsoon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a\\nnew dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU,\\nthe dst reference remains permanently leaked.\\n\\nCPU 0 CPU 1\\n__mkroute_output()\\n find_exception() [fnheX]\\n update_or_create_fnhe()\\n fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]\\n rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]\\n RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]\\n\\nThis issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in\\ndmesg when unregistering the net device:\\n\\n unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N\\n\\nIdo Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].\\n\\nThe fix clears \u0027oldest-\u003efnhe_daddr\u0027 before calling fnhe_flush_routes().\\nSince rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents\\nthe stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it\\nis freed.\\n\\n[1]\\nip netns add ns1\\nip -n ns1 link set dev lo up\\nip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo\\nip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy\\nip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1\\nip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \\\\\\n local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2\\nip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1\\ntaskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\\\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q \u0026\\ntaskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\\\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q \u0026\\nsleep 10\\nip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill\\nip netns del ns1\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.4.302\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4.146\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.247\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10.65\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.197\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.159\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.117\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.59\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.17.9\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.18\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.4.284\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.9.283\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.14.247\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.19.207\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.13.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.14.4\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T12:10:24.792Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-68241\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T12:10:24.792Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-12-16T13:41:40.263Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-12-16T14:21:18.682Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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