CVE-2025-66481 (GCVE-0-2025-66481)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 00:25 – Updated: 2025-12-09 16:03
VLAI
Title
DeepChat's Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content
Summary
DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim's machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-09 14:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-80 - Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8053 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
ThinkInAIXYZ deepchat Affected: <= 0.5.1
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-66481",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-12-09T14:17:46.241244Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T16:03:38.736Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "deepchat",
          "vendor": "ThinkInAIXYZ",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c= 0.5.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim\u0027s machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.7,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-80",
              "description": "CWE-80: Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-94",
              "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "DeepChat\u0027s Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-66481",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-02T17:09:52.016Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T16:03:38.736Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-66481",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "epss": "0.0058",
      "percentile": "0.47677"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "deepchat",
                "vendor": "ThinkInAIXYZ",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c= 0.5.1"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:thinkinai:deepchat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "D827ED0C-D2C6-4D0A-B8F4-B448115E4F56",
                    "versionEndIncluding": "0.5.1",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim\u0027s machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "DeepChat es una plataforma de chat de IA de c\u00f3digo abierto que soporta modelos en la nube y LLMs. Las versiones 0.5.1 e inferiores son vulnerables a ataques de XSS a trav\u00e9s de contenido Mermaid incorrectamente saneado. El reciente parche de seguridad para MermaidArtifact.vue es insuficiente y puede ser eludido usando atributos HTML sin comillas combinados con codificaci\u00f3n de entidades HTML. La ejecuci\u00f3n remota de c\u00f3digo es posible en la m\u00e1quina de la v\u00edctima a trav\u00e9s de la interfaz electron.ipcRenderer, eludiendo el filtro de expresiones regulares destinado a eliminar atributos peligrosos. No hay soluci\u00f3n en el momento de la publicaci\u00f3n."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-66481",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-07T20:10:01.970",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.6,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 6.0,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-66481",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-12-09T14:17:46.241244Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-12-09T01:16:55.140",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
          },
          {
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-79"
              },
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-80"
              },
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-94"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-79"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-12-10T00:28:33+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-66481",
      "id": "CVE-2025-66481",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "DeepChat\u0027s Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-66481.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-66481",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-12-09T14:17:46.241244Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T14:17:48.212Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "exploit"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "deepchat",
              "vendor": "ThinkInAIXYZ",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c= 0.5.1"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim\u0027s machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.7,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-80",
                  "description": "CWE-80: Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-79",
                  "description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-94",
                  "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "DeepChat\u0027s Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-66481",
        "datePublished": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-12-02T17:09:52.016Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T16:03:38.736Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
Events included in the timeline

Loading timeline…


    Loading…

    Loading…

    Loading…

    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.