CVE-2025-64526 (GCVE-0-2025-64526)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-05-14 18:33
VLAI?
Title
Strapi has a rate limit bypass on users-permissions plugin via attacker-controlled email keying
Summary
Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts. The rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request. The patch in version 5.45.0 maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled.
Severity ?
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-307 - Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "strapi",
          "vendor": "strapi",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 5.45.0"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "@strapi/plugin-users-permissions",
          "vendor": "strapi",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 5.45.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts. The rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request. The patch in version 5.45.0 maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
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          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
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      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-14T18:33:56.463Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Strapi has a rate limit bypass on users-permissions plugin via attacker-controlled email keying"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-64526",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-14T18:32:01.998Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-11-05T21:15:39.401Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-14T18:33:56.463Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
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      "date": "2026-05-15",
      "epss": "0.00046",
      "percentile": "0.14421"
    },
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  }
}


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