Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-64101 (GCVE-0-2025-64101)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-29 19:35

Title

ZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via Malicious Forwarded Header Injection

Summary

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18, a potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL's password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. It's important to note that this specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-29 19:35 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CWE-640 - Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7657 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/72a5c33…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
zitadel	zitadel	Affected: >= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.6.0 Affected: >= 3.0.0-rc.1, < 3.4.3 Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.71.18	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-64101

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-29 19:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 13:10

Severity

8.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/72a5c33e6ac302b978d564bd049f9364f5a989b1	Patch
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-mwmh-7px9-4c23	Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
zitadel	zitadel	*
zitadel	zitadel	*
zitadel	zitadel	*

JSON

To clipboard

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  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18, a potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL\u0027s password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user\u0027s password and gain unauthorized access to their account. It\u0027s important to note that this specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Zitadel es software de infraestructura de identidad de c\u00f3digo abierto. Antes de las versiones 4.6.0, 3.4.3 y 2.71.18, existe una potencial vulnerabilidad en el mecanismo de restablecimiento de contrase\u00f1a de ZITADEL. ZITADEL utiliza el encabezado Forwarded o X-Forwarded-Host de las solicitudes entrantes para construir la URL del enlace de confirmaci\u00f3n de restablecimiento de contrase\u00f1a. Este enlace, que contiene un c\u00f3digo secreto, se env\u00eda luego por correo electr\u00f3nico al usuario. Si un atacante puede manipular estos encabezados (por ejemplo, mediante inyecci\u00f3n de encabezado de host), podr\u00eda hacer que ZITADEL genere un enlace de restablecimiento de contrase\u00f1a que apunte a un dominio malicioso controlado por el atacante. Si el usuario hace clic en este enlace manipulado en el correo electr\u00f3nico, el c\u00f3digo secreto de restablecimiento incrustado en la URL puede ser capturado por el atacante. Este c\u00f3digo capturado podr\u00eda usarse luego para restablecer la contrase\u00f1a del usuario y obtener acceso no autorizado a su cuenta. Es importante se\u00f1alar que este vector de ataque espec\u00edfico se mitiga para las cuentas que tienen la autenticaci\u00f3n multifactor (MFA) o la autenticaci\u00f3n sin contrase\u00f1a habilitada. Esta vulnerabilidad est\u00e1 corregida en las versiones 4.6.0, 3.4.3 y 2.71.18."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-64101",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T13:10:00.110",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 8.1,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-64101",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-10-29T19:35:29.013422Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-10-29T19:15:38.763",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/72a5c33e6ac302b978d564bd049f9364f5a989b1"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-mwmh-7px9-4c23"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-601"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-640"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MWMH-7PX9-4C23

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-29 22:20 – Updated: 2025-11-05 22:13

Summary

ZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via Malicious Forwarded Header Injection

Details

Impact

A potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL's password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user.

If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account.

It's important to note that this specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled.

Affected Versions

Systems running one of the following versions: - 4.x: 4.0.0 to 4.5.0 (including RC versions) - 3.x: 3.0.0 to 3.4.2 (including RC versions) - 2.x: v2.0.0 to 2.71.17

Patches

Patched version ensure proper validation of the headers:

4.x: Upgrade to >=4.6.0 3.x: Update to >=3.4.3 2.x: Update to >=2.71.18

Workarounds

The recommended solution is to update ZITADEL to a patched version.

A ZITADEL fronting proxy can be configured to delete all Forwarded and X-Forwarded-Host header values before sending requests to ZITADEL self-hosted environments.

Questions

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security@zitadel.com

Credits

Thanks to Amit Laish – GE Vernova for finding and reporting the vulnerability.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.71.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.80.0-v2.20.0.20251029090537-72a5c33e6ac3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64101"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601",
      "CWE-640"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-29T22:20:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-29T19:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nA potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL\u0027s password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user.\n\nIf an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user\u0027s password and gain unauthorized access to their account.\n\nIt\u0027s important to note that this specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled.\n\n### Affected Versions\n\nSystems running one of the following versions:\n- **4.x**: `4.0.0` to `4.5.0` (including RC versions)\n- **3.x**: `3.0.0` to `3.4.2` (including RC versions)\n- **2.x**: `v2.0.0` to `2.71.17`\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched version ensure proper validation of the headers:\n\n4.x: Upgrade to \u003e=[4.6.0](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.6.0)\n3.x: Update to \u003e=[3.4.3](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.3)\n2.x: Update to \u003e=[2.71.18](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.71.18)\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe recommended solution is to update ZITADEL to a patched version.\n\nA ZITADEL fronting proxy can be configured to delete all Forwarded and X-Forwarded-Host header values before sending requests to ZITADEL self-hosted environments.\n\n### Questions\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security@zitadel.com](mailto:security@zitadel.com)\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to Amit Laish \u2013 GE Vernova for finding and reporting the vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-mwmh-7px9-4c23",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T22:13:14Z",
  "published": "2025-10-29T22:20:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-mwmh-7px9-4c23"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64101"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/72a5c33e6ac302b978d564bd049f9364f5a989b1"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4084"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via Malicious Forwarded Header Injection"
}

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2025-11-07 00:00 - Updated: 2026-09-20 21:44

Summary

govulncheck-vulndb-0.0.20251105T184115-1.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Scope

70 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-64101.

CVE-2025-64101

8.8 (High)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Recommended: 4 products

Open the full advisory

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2025-64101 (GCVE-0-2025-64101)

FKIE_CVE-2025-64101

GHSA-MWMH-7PX9-4C23

Impact

Affected Versions

Patches

Workarounds

Questions

Credits

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1

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