Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-61772 (GCVE-0-2025-61772)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 15:02 – Updated: 2025-10-07 17:51

Title

Rack's multipart parser buffers unbounded per-part headers, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)

Summary

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. In versions prior to 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2, `Rack::Multipart::Parser` can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part’s header block never terminates with the required blank line (`CRLFCRLF`). The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of service (DoS). Attackers can send incomplete multipart headers to trigger high memory use, leading to process termination (OOM) or severe slowdown. The effect scales with request size limits and concurrency. All applications handling multipart uploads may be affected. Versions 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2 cap per-part header size (e.g., 64 KiB). As a workaround, restrict maximum request sizes at the proxy or web server layer (e.g., Nginx `client_max_body_size`).

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-07 17:51 UTC

CWE

CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7760 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b11…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c93…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
rack	rack	Affected: < 2.2.19 Affected: >= 3.1, < 3.1.17 Affected: >= 3.2, < 3.2.2	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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GHSA-WPV5-97WM-HP9C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-07 17:28 – Updated: 2025-10-13 15:30

Summary

Rack's multipart parser buffers unbounded per-part headers, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)

Details

Summary

Rack::Multipart::Parser can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part’s header block never terminates with the required blank line (CRLFCRLF). The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of service (DoS).

Details

While reading multipart headers, the parser waits for CRLFCRLF using:

@sbuf.scan_until(/(.*?\r\n)\r\n/m)

If the terminator never appears, it continues appending data (@sbuf.concat(content)) indefinitely. There is no limit on accumulated header bytes, so a single malformed part can consume memory proportional to the request body size.

Impact

Attackers can send incomplete multipart headers to trigger high memory use, leading to process termination (OOM) or severe slowdown. The effect scales with request size limits and concurrency. All applications handling multipart uploads may be affected.

Mitigation

Upgrade to a patched Rack version that caps per-part header size (e.g., 64 KiB).
Until then, restrict maximum request sizes at the proxy or web server layer (e.g., Nginx client_max_body_size).

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

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    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part\u2019s header block never terminates with the required blank line (`CRLFCRLF`). The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of service (DoS).\n\n## Details\n\nWhile reading multipart headers, the parser waits for `CRLFCRLF` using:\n\n```ruby\n@sbuf.scan_until(/(.*?\\r\\n)\\r\\n/m)\n```\n\nIf the terminator never appears, it continues appending data (`@sbuf.concat(content)`) indefinitely. There is no limit on accumulated header bytes, so a single malformed part can consume memory proportional to the request body size.\n\n## Impact\n\nAttackers can send incomplete multipart headers to trigger high memory use, leading to process termination (OOM) or severe slowdown. The effect scales with request size limits and concurrency. All applications handling multipart uploads may be affected.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Upgrade to a patched Rack version that caps per-part header size (e.g., 64 KiB).\n* Until then, restrict maximum request sizes at the proxy or web server layer (e.g., Nginx `client_max_body_size`).",
  "id": "GHSA-wpv5-97wm-hp9c",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:30:01Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T17:28:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-wpv5-97wm-hp9c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61772"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61772.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack\u0027s multipart parser buffers unbounded per-part headers, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)"
}

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15621-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2025-10-09 00:00 - Updated: 2026-09-20 21:43

Summary

ruby3.4-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.19-1.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Scope

3 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

7.5 (High)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Recommended: 4 products

Open the full advisory

OPENSUSE-SU-2026:10286-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2026-03-04 00:00 - Updated: 2026-09-17 16:55

Summary

ruby4.0-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.22-1.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Scope

27 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

7.5 (High)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Recommended: 4 products

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2025:19512

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2025-11-03 00:00 - Updated: 2026-10-11 11:37

Summary

security update for pcs

Severity

Important

Scope

5 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

7.5 (High)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Recommended: 4 products

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2025:19719

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2025-11-04 17:06 - Updated: 2026-09-25 15:25

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: pcs security update

Severity

Important

Scope

5 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

A denial of service flaw has been found in the rubygems rack package. `Rack::Multipart::Parser` can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part’s header block never terminates with the required blank line (`CRLFCRLF`). The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of service (DoS).

5.3 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Fixed: 16 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19719

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2025:19513

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2025-11-03 20:18 - Updated: 2026-09-25 15:25

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: pcs security update

Severity

Important

Scope

5 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

5.3 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Fixed: 10 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19513

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2025:19647

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2025-11-04 11:19 - Updated: 2026-09-25 15:24

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: pcs security update

Severity

Important

Scope

5 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

5.3 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Fixed: 8 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19647

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2025:19733

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2025-11-04 19:51 - Updated: 2026-09-21 22:29

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: pcs security update

Severity

Important

Scope

4 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

5.3 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Fixed: 16 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19733

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2025:19734

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2025-11-04 20:02 - Updated: 2026-09-25 15:25

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: pcs security update

Severity

Important

Scope

5 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

5.3 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Fixed: 8 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19734

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2025:19736

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2025-11-04 23:37 - Updated: 2026-09-21 22:29

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: pcs security update

Severity

Important

Scope

4 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-61772.

CVE-2025-61772

5.3 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Fixed: 16 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19736

Open the full advisory

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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CVE-2025-61772 (GCVE-0-2025-61772)

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Mitigation

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