CVE-2025-40350 (GCVE-0-2025-40350)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 13:30 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:09
VLAI
Title
net/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ XDP programs can change the layout of an xdp_buff through bpf_xdp_adjust_tail() and bpf_xdp_adjust_head(). Therefore, the driver cannot assume the size of the linear data area nor fragments. Fix the bug in mlx5 by generating skb according to xdp_buff after XDP programs run. Currently, when handling multi-buf XDP, the mlx5 driver assumes the layout of an xdp_buff to be unchanged. That is, the linear data area continues to be empty and fragments remain the same. This may cause the driver to generate erroneous skb or triggering a kernel warning. When an XDP program added linear data through bpf_xdp_adjust_head(), the linear data will be ignored as mlx5e_build_linear_skb() builds an skb without linear data and then pull data from fragments to fill the linear data area. When an XDP program has shrunk the non-linear data through bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(), the delta passed to __pskb_pull_tail() may exceed the actual nonlinear data size and trigger the BUG_ON in it. To fix the issue, first record the original number of fragments. If the number of fragments changes after the XDP program runs, rewind the end fragment pointer by the difference and recalculate the truesize. Then, build the skb with the linear data area matching the xdp_buff. Finally, only pull data in if there is non-linear data and fill the linear part up to 256 bytes.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7063 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: f52ac7028bec22e925c8fece4f21641eb13b4d6f , < 8b051d7f530e8a5237da242fbeafef02fec6b813 (git)
Affected: f52ac7028bec22e925c8fece4f21641eb13b4d6f , < cb9edd583e23979ee546981be963ad5f217e8b18 (git)
Affected: f52ac7028bec22e925c8fece4f21641eb13b4d6f , < f2557d7fa38e9475b38588f5c124476091480f53 (git)
Affected: f52ac7028bec22e925c8fece4f21641eb13b4d6f , < 87bcef158ac1faca1bd7e0104588e8e2956d10be (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.4
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.115 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.56 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.6 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ\n\nXDP programs can change the layout of an xdp_buff through\nbpf_xdp_adjust_tail() and bpf_xdp_adjust_head(). Therefore, the driver\ncannot assume the size of the linear data area nor fragments. Fix the\nbug in mlx5 by generating skb according to xdp_buff after XDP programs\nrun.\n\nCurrently, when handling multi-buf XDP, the mlx5 driver assumes the\nlayout of an xdp_buff to be unchanged. That is, the linear data area\ncontinues to be empty and fragments remain the same. This may cause\nthe driver to generate erroneous skb or triggering a kernel\nwarning. When an XDP program added linear data through\nbpf_xdp_adjust_head(), the linear data will be ignored as\nmlx5e_build_linear_skb() builds an skb without linear data and then\npull data from fragments to fill the linear data area. When an XDP\nprogram has shrunk the non-linear data through bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(),\nthe delta passed to __pskb_pull_tail() may exceed the actual nonlinear\ndata size and trigger the BUG_ON in it.\n\nTo fix the issue, first record the original number of fragments. If the\nnumber of fragments changes after the XDP program runs, rewind the end\nfragment pointer by the difference and recalculate the truesize. Then,\nbuild the skb with the linear data area matching the xdp_buff. Finally,\nonly pull data in if there is non-linear data and fill the linear part\nup to 256 bytes."
        }
      ],
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is the mlx5e RX packet-processing path, executed on every received frame during NAPI poll, and is triggered purely by an inbound packet whose size and content the remote sender controls. Jumbo-MTU routed fabrics (the configuration in which this non-linear XDP path is used at all) are standard in datacenter/cloud networks, so the attacker need not be on the same L2 segment.\nAC:L - Given a vulnerable host (mlx5 + striding RQ + jumbo MTU + multi-buf XDP program), the attacker reliably triggers the bug by sending a multi-buffer-sized frame that the XDP program grows or trims; no race, no memory-layout guessing, and the trigger can be repeated at line rate.\nPR:N - No credentials, account, or capability on the target are required \u2014 the attacker only has to place packets on the wire, and the code runs before any authentication or socket-layer authorization.\nUI:N - Packet reception and XDP program execution happen automatically in softirq context; no action by any local user or administrator is needed at attack time.\nS:U - The corrupted page-pool pages, skb metadata, and the BUG_ON all reside within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The skb retains fragment references to pages already returned to the page pool, and the reference-count underflow lets those pages be recycled as fresh RX buffers while still referenced \u2014 a use-after-free that exposes other packets\u0027 (other tenants\u0027/hosts\u0027) data through the mis-built skb, which may be delivered locally or forwarded back onto the network.\nI:H - Page-pool refcount underflow and re-use of freed RX pages constitute memory corruption exploitable for heap manipulation, and the skb is built with a bogus linear area/length and over-counted fragments, silently corrupting packet data delivered to the stack.\nA:H - When the XDP program shrinks the packet below 256 bytes or frees all fragments, the stale headlen passed to __pskb_pull_tail() makes skb_copy_bits() fail and hits its BUG_ON, panicking the kernel; the page-pool refcount corruption independently causes WARNs and use-after-free crashes."
            }
          ]
        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:09:50.275Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b051d7f530e8a5237da242fbeafef02fec6b813"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f2557d7fa38e9475b38588f5c124476091480f53"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87bcef158ac1faca1bd7e0104588e8e2956d10be"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40350",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:30:23.896Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.187Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:09:50.275Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en_rx.c"
                ],
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                "vendor": "Linux",
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                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
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        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ\n\nXDP programs can change the layout of an xdp_buff through\nbpf_xdp_adjust_tail() and bpf_xdp_adjust_head(). Therefore, the driver\ncannot assume the size of the linear data area nor fragments. Fix the\nbug in mlx5 by generating skb according to xdp_buff after XDP programs\nrun.\n\nCurrently, when handling multi-buf XDP, the mlx5 driver assumes the\nlayout of an xdp_buff to be unchanged. That is, the linear data area\ncontinues to be empty and fragments remain the same. This may cause\nthe driver to generate erroneous skb or triggering a kernel\nwarning. When an XDP program added linear data through\nbpf_xdp_adjust_head(), the linear data will be ignored as\nmlx5e_build_linear_skb() builds an skb without linear data and then\npull data from fragments to fill the linear data area. When an XDP\nprogram has shrunk the non-linear data through bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(),\nthe delta passed to __pskb_pull_tail() may exceed the actual nonlinear\ndata size and trigger the BUG_ON in it.\n\nTo fix the issue, first record the original number of fragments. If the\nnumber of fragments changes after the XDP program runs, rewind the end\nfragment pointer by the difference and recalculate the truesize. Then,\nbuild the skb with the linear data area matching the xdp_buff. Finally,\nonly pull data in if there is non-linear data and fill the linear part\nup to 256 bytes."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnet/mlx5e: RX, Correcci\u00f3n al generar skb a partir de xdp_buff no lineal para RQ con salto\n\nLos programas XDP pueden cambiar la disposici\u00f3n de un xdp_buff mediante bpf_xdp_adjust_tail() y bpf_xdp_adjust_head(). Por lo tanto, el controlador no puede asumir el tama\u00f1o del \u00e1rea de datos lineal ni de los fragmentos. Se corrige el error en mlx5 generando skb de acuerdo con el xdp_buff despu\u00e9s de que se ejecuten los programas XDP.\n\nActualmente, al manejar XDP multi-buffer, el controlador mlx5 asume que la disposici\u00f3n de un xdp_buff no ha cambiado. Es decir, el \u00e1rea de datos lineal sigue estando vac\u00eda y los fragmentos permanecen igual. Esto puede hacer que el controlador genere skb err\u00f3neos o que se active una advertencia del kernel. Cuando un programa XDP a\u00f1adi\u00f3 datos lineales mediante bpf_xdp_adjust_head(), los datos lineales ser\u00e1n ignorados ya que mlx5e_build_linear_skb() construye un skb sin datos lineales y luego extrae datos de los fragmentos para llenar el \u00e1rea de datos lineal. Cuando un programa XDP ha reducido los datos no lineales mediante bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(), el delta pasado a __pskb_pull_tail() puede exceder el tama\u00f1o real de los datos no lineales y activar el BUG_ON en \u00e9l.\n\nPara solucionar el problema, primero se registra el n\u00famero original de fragmentos. Si el n\u00famero de fragmentos cambia despu\u00e9s de que se ejecute el programa XDP, se retrocede el puntero del fragmento final por la diferencia y se recalcula el truesize. Luego, se construye el skb con el \u00e1rea de datos lineal que coincida con el xdp_buff. Finalmente, solo se extraen datos si hay datos no lineales y se rellena la parte lineal hasta 256 bytes."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40350",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-14T13:10:00.187",
        "metrics": {
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            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
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              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
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        "published": "2025-12-16T14:15:46.840",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87bcef158ac1faca1bd7e0104588e8e2956d10be"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b051d7f530e8a5237da242fbeafef02fec6b813"
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            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-14T18:44:01+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40350",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40350",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-16T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "198",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "76",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40350.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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