CVE-2025-40120 (GCVE-0-2025-40120)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 10:23 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock
Prevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.
usbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via
the usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no
measurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin
up/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering
the PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.
The real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)
may synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into
asix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke
phylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible
deadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.
To avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage
reference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM
usage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy
(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach
robust against sysfs overrides.
Holding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;
system sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805 , < 71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c
(git)
Affected: 4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805 , < 3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e (git) Affected: 4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805 , < 724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64 (git) Affected: 4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805 , < 1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11 (git) Affected: 4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805 , < 9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4 (git) Affected: 4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805 , < 3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.14
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.14 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.195 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.156 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.112 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.53 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.14"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.14",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.195",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.156",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.112",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.53",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.195",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.156",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.112",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.53",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock\n\nPrevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.\n\nusbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via\nthe usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no\nmeasurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin\nup/down). The ~0.453 W -\u003e ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering\nthe PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.\n\nThe real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)\nmay synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into\nasix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke\nphylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible\ndeadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.\n\nTo avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage\nreference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM\nusage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy\n(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach\nrobust against sysfs overrides.\n\nHolding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;\nsystem sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before."
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:43:02.326Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a"
}
],
"title": "net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40120",
"datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:23:18.726Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.169Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:43:02.326Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-40120",
"date": "2026-10-13",
"epss": "0.00222",
"percentile": "0.11762"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64",
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.14"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.14",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.195",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.156",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.112",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.53",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock\n\nPrevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.\n\nusbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via\nthe usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no\nmeasurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin\nup/down). The ~0.453 W -\u003e ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering\nthe PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.\n\nThe real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)\nmay synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into\nasix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke\nphylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible\ndeadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.\n\nTo avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage\nreference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM\nusage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy\n(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach\nrobust against sysfs overrides.\n\nHolding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;\nsystem sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40120",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:21:17.910",
"metrics": {},
"published": "2025-11-12T11:15:41.430",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:28:00+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40120",
"id": "CVE-2025-40120",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40120.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
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