CVE-2025-40054 (GCVE-0-2025-40054)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-28 11:48 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:41
VLAI
Title
f2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio() As JY reported in bugzilla [1], Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000 pc : [0xffffffe51d249484] f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98 lr : [0xffffffe51d24adbc] f2fs_merge_page_bio+0x520/0x6d4 CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 6790 Comm: kworker/u16:3 Tainted: P B W OE 6.12.30-android16-5-maybe-dirty-4k #1 5f7701c9cbf727d1eebe77c89bbbeb3371e895e5 Tainted: [P]=PROPRIETARY_MODULE, [B]=BAD_PAGE, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-254:49) Call trace: f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98 f2fs_inplace_write_data+0x174/0x2f4 f2fs_do_write_data_page+0x214/0x81c f2fs_write_single_data_page+0x28c/0x764 f2fs_write_data_pages+0x78c/0xce4 do_writepages+0xe8/0x2fc __writeback_single_inode+0x4c/0x4b4 writeback_sb_inodes+0x314/0x540 __writeback_inodes_wb+0xa4/0xf4 wb_writeback+0x160/0x448 wb_workfn+0x2f0/0x5dc process_scheduled_works+0x1c8/0x458 worker_thread+0x334/0x3f0 kthread+0x118/0x1ac ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 [1] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=220575 The panic was caused by UAF issue w/ below race condition: kworker - writepages - f2fs_write_cache_pages - f2fs_write_single_data_page - f2fs_do_write_data_page - f2fs_inplace_write_data - f2fs_merge_page_bio - add_inu_page : cache page #1 into bio & cache bio in io->bio_list - f2fs_write_single_data_page - f2fs_do_write_data_page - f2fs_inplace_write_data - f2fs_merge_page_bio - add_inu_page : cache page #2 into bio which is linked in io->bio_list write - f2fs_write_begin : write page #1 - f2fs_folio_wait_writeback - f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write - f2fs_submit_write_bio : submit bio which inclues page #1 and #2 software IRQ - f2fs_write_end_io - fscrypt_free_bounce_page : freed bounced page which belongs to page #2 - inc_page_count( , WB_DATA_TYPE(data_folio), false) : data_folio points to fio->encrypted_page the bounced page can be freed before accessing it in f2fs_is_cp_guarantee() It can reproduce w/ below testcase: Run below script in shell #1: for ((i=1;i>0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \ -c "pwrite 0 32k" -c "fdatasync" Run below script in shell #2: for ((i=1;i>0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \ -c "pwrite 0 32k" -c "fdatasync" So, in f2fs_merge_page_bio(), let's avoid using fio->encrypted_page after commit page into internal ipu cache.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 0b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e , < 01118321e0c8a5f3ece57d0d377bfc92d83cd210 (git)
Affected: 0b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e , < edf7e9040fc52c922db947f9c6c36f07377c52ea (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/f2fs/data.c"
          ],
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          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "edf7e9040fc52c922db947f9c6c36f07377c52ea",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e",
              "versionType": "git"
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.5"
            },
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              "lessThan": "5.5",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio()\n\nAs JY reported in bugzilla [1],\n\nUnable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000\npc : [0xffffffe51d249484] f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98\nlr : [0xffffffe51d24adbc] f2fs_merge_page_bio+0x520/0x6d4\nCPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 6790 Comm: kworker/u16:3 Tainted: P    B   W  OE      6.12.30-android16-5-maybe-dirty-4k #1 5f7701c9cbf727d1eebe77c89bbbeb3371e895e5\nTainted: [P]=PROPRIETARY_MODULE, [B]=BAD_PAGE, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\nWorkqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-254:49)\nCall trace:\n f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98\n f2fs_inplace_write_data+0x174/0x2f4\n f2fs_do_write_data_page+0x214/0x81c\n f2fs_write_single_data_page+0x28c/0x764\n f2fs_write_data_pages+0x78c/0xce4\n do_writepages+0xe8/0x2fc\n __writeback_single_inode+0x4c/0x4b4\n writeback_sb_inodes+0x314/0x540\n __writeback_inodes_wb+0xa4/0xf4\n wb_writeback+0x160/0x448\n wb_workfn+0x2f0/0x5dc\n process_scheduled_works+0x1c8/0x458\n worker_thread+0x334/0x3f0\n kthread+0x118/0x1ac\n ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20\n\n[1] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=220575\n\nThe panic was caused by UAF issue w/ below race condition:\n\nkworker\n- writepages\n - f2fs_write_cache_pages\n  - f2fs_write_single_data_page\n   - f2fs_do_write_data_page\n    - f2fs_inplace_write_data\n     - f2fs_merge_page_bio\n      - add_inu_page\n      : cache page #1 into bio \u0026 cache bio in\n        io-\u003ebio_list\n  - f2fs_write_single_data_page\n   - f2fs_do_write_data_page\n    - f2fs_inplace_write_data\n     - f2fs_merge_page_bio\n      - add_inu_page\n      : cache page #2 into bio which is linked\n        in io-\u003ebio_list\n\t\t\t\t\t\twrite\n\t\t\t\t\t\t- f2fs_write_begin\n\t\t\t\t\t\t: write page #1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t - f2fs_folio_wait_writeback\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  - f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   - f2fs_submit_write_bio\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   : submit bio which inclues page #1 and #2\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsoftware IRQ\n\t\t\t\t\t\t- f2fs_write_end_io\n\t\t\t\t\t\t - fscrypt_free_bounce_page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t : freed bounced page which belongs to page #2\n      - inc_page_count( , WB_DATA_TYPE(data_folio), false)\n      : data_folio points to fio-\u003eencrypted_page\n        the bounced page can be freed before\n        accessing it in f2fs_is_cp_guarantee()\n\nIt can reproduce w/ below testcase:\nRun below script in shell #1:\nfor ((i=1;i\u003e0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \\\n-c \"pwrite 0 32k\" -c \"fdatasync\"\n\nRun below script in shell #2:\nfor ((i=1;i\u003e0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \\\n-c \"pwrite 0 32k\" -c \"fdatasync\"\n\nSo, in f2fs_merge_page_bio(), let\u0027s avoid using fio-\u003eencrypted_page after\ncommit page into internal ipu cache."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:41:35.311Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01118321e0c8a5f3ece57d0d377bfc92d83cd210"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/edf7e9040fc52c922db947f9c6c36f07377c52ea"
        }
      ],
      "title": "f2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40054",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-28T11:48:29.073Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.157Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:41:35.311Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40054",
      "date": "2026-06-06",
      "epss": "0.00027",
      "percentile": "0.08104"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40054\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-10-28T12:15:39.640\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-10-30T15:05:32.197\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nf2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio()\\n\\nAs JY reported in bugzilla [1],\\n\\nUnable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000\\npc : [0xffffffe51d249484] f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98\\nlr : [0xffffffe51d24adbc] f2fs_merge_page_bio+0x520/0x6d4\\nCPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 6790 Comm: kworker/u16:3 Tainted: P    B   W  OE      6.12.30-android16-5-maybe-dirty-4k #1 5f7701c9cbf727d1eebe77c89bbbeb3371e895e5\\nTainted: [P]=PROPRIETARY_MODULE, [B]=BAD_PAGE, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\\nWorkqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-254:49)\\nCall trace:\\n f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98\\n f2fs_inplace_write_data+0x174/0x2f4\\n f2fs_do_write_data_page+0x214/0x81c\\n f2fs_write_single_data_page+0x28c/0x764\\n f2fs_write_data_pages+0x78c/0xce4\\n do_writepages+0xe8/0x2fc\\n __writeback_single_inode+0x4c/0x4b4\\n writeback_sb_inodes+0x314/0x540\\n __writeback_inodes_wb+0xa4/0xf4\\n wb_writeback+0x160/0x448\\n wb_workfn+0x2f0/0x5dc\\n process_scheduled_works+0x1c8/0x458\\n worker_thread+0x334/0x3f0\\n kthread+0x118/0x1ac\\n ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20\\n\\n[1] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=220575\\n\\nThe panic was caused by UAF issue w/ below race condition:\\n\\nkworker\\n- writepages\\n - f2fs_write_cache_pages\\n  - f2fs_write_single_data_page\\n   - f2fs_do_write_data_page\\n    - f2fs_inplace_write_data\\n     - f2fs_merge_page_bio\\n      - add_inu_page\\n      : cache page #1 into bio \u0026 cache bio in\\n        io-\u003ebio_list\\n  - f2fs_write_single_data_page\\n   - f2fs_do_write_data_page\\n    - f2fs_inplace_write_data\\n     - f2fs_merge_page_bio\\n      - add_inu_page\\n      : cache page #2 into bio which is linked\\n        in io-\u003ebio_list\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\twrite\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t- f2fs_write_begin\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t: write page #1\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t - f2fs_folio_wait_writeback\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t  - f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t   - f2fs_submit_write_bio\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t   : submit bio which inclues page #1 and #2\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tsoftware IRQ\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t- f2fs_write_end_io\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t - fscrypt_free_bounce_page\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t : freed bounced page which belongs to page #2\\n      - inc_page_count( , WB_DATA_TYPE(data_folio), false)\\n      : data_folio points to fio-\u003eencrypted_page\\n        the bounced page can be freed before\\n        accessing it in f2fs_is_cp_guarantee()\\n\\nIt can reproduce w/ below testcase:\\nRun below script in shell #1:\\nfor ((i=1;i\u003e0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \\\\\\n-c \\\"pwrite 0 32k\\\" -c \\\"fdatasync\\\"\\n\\nRun below script in shell #2:\\nfor ((i=1;i\u003e0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \\\\\\n-c \\\"pwrite 0 32k\\\" -c \\\"fdatasync\\\"\\n\\nSo, in f2fs_merge_page_bio(), let\u0027s avoid using fio-\u003eencrypted_page after\\ncommit page into internal ipu cache.\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01118321e0c8a5f3ece57d0d377bfc92d83cd210\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/edf7e9040fc52c922db947f9c6c36f07377c52ea\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
  }
}


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