CVE-2025-39972 (GCVE-0-2025-39972)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:55 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
i40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
i40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map
Ensure idx is within range of active/initialized TCs when iterating over
vf->ch[idx] in i40e_validate_queue_map().
Severity
8.8 (High)
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < b6cb93a7ff208f324c7ec581d72995f80e115e0e
(git)
Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 6f15a7b34fae75e745bdc2ec05e06ddfd0dd2f3c (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 34dfac0c904829967d500c51f216916ce1452957 (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 4d5e804a9e19b639b18fd13664dbad3c03c79e61 (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 50a1e2f50f6c22b93b94eb8d168a1be3c05bf5cd (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < cc4191e8ef40d2249c1b9a8617d22ec8a976b574 (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < d4e3eaaa3cb3af77836d806c89cd6ebf533a7320 (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < aa68d3c3ac8d1dcec40d52ae27e39f6d32207009 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.17
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.17 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.300 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.245 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.194 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.155 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.109 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "b6cb93a7ff208f324c7ec581d72995f80e115e0e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6f15a7b34fae75e745bdc2ec05e06ddfd0dd2f3c",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "34dfac0c904829967d500c51f216916ce1452957",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4d5e804a9e19b639b18fd13664dbad3c03c79e61",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "50a1e2f50f6c22b93b94eb8d168a1be3c05bf5cd",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cc4191e8ef40d2249c1b9a8617d22ec8a976b574",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "d4e3eaaa3cb3af77836d806c89cd6ebf533a7320",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "aa68d3c3ac8d1dcec40d52ae27e39f6d32207009",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.17"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.17",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.300",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.245",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.194",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.155",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.109",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.50",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.10",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.300",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.245",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.194",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.155",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.109",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.50",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16.10",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ni40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map\n\nEnsure idx is within range of active/initialized TCs when iterating over\nvf-\u003ech[idx] in i40e_validate_queue_map()."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is the host PF driver\u0027s virtchnl mailbox handler, reached by a VF writing a `VIRTCHNL_OP_CONFIG_IRQ_MAP` message over PCIe, not by any network protocol. This is the standard local/guest-to-host vector used for SR-IOV VF-to-PF interface bugs.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both preconditions from inside the VF \u2014 it sends `VIRTCHNL_OP_ENABLE_CHANNELS` with `num_tc \u003c 4` and then a crafted `CONFIG_IRQ_MAP` with high queue-map bits set; the sequence is deterministic with no race or memory-layout dependency. The `spoofchk off` requirement is inherent to every deployment where ADq is used at all, i.e. exactly the deployments where the code is reachable.\nPR:L - The attacker needs only control of a VF that has been legitimately assigned to them \u2014 root inside their own guest VM or container, which is the normal granted privilege level of an SR-IOV tenant. No privilege on the host or in the PF\u0027s security authority is required, and the PF handler applies no capability or \"trusted VF\" check to this opcode.\nUI:N - The malicious VF driver sends the virtchnl messages entirely on its own initiative. No action by the host administrator or any other tenant is needed once a VF is assigned.\nS:C - The attacker is confined to a VF/guest security authority, but the bypassed validation causes the host PF driver to program hardware queue-interrupt registers (`I40E_QINT_RQCTL`/`I40E_QINT_TQCTL`) for queues outside the VF\u0027s allocation \u2014 resources owned by the PF (host) and by other VFs (other tenants). Impact therefore lands beyond the vulnerable component\u0027s security authority, as in a guest-to-host/cross-tenant escape.\nC:H - `i40e_vc_isvalid_queue_id()` is invoked with a stale/zero VSI id and performs no ownership check, letting a VF get its queue map validated against a VSI belonging to the PF or another VF and then attach foreign queues to its own MSI-X vector, exposing another tenant\u0027s data-path activity. Cross-tenant exposure of resources the VF has no right to observe warrants High.\nI:H - When the gate wrongly passes, `i40e_config_irq_link_list()` writes MMIO interrupt-control registers at PF-relative queue indices derived from unvalidated VF input, modifying hardware state owned by the PF and by other VFs. Unauthorized modification of another security authority\u0027s device configuration is a High integrity impact.\nA:H - Misprogramming `QINT_RQCTL`/`QINT_TQCTL` for queues belonging to the PF or other VFs breaks their Rx/Tx interrupt delivery, stalling the host\u0027s and co-tenant VMs\u0027 network data paths; queue contexts can also be pointed at `I40E_QUEUE_END_OF_LIST`, wedging the link list. A single unprivileged VF can repeat this at will, denying service to the whole port."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:41.675Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6cb93a7ff208f324c7ec581d72995f80e115e0e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f15a7b34fae75e745bdc2ec05e06ddfd0dd2f3c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34dfac0c904829967d500c51f216916ce1452957"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d5e804a9e19b639b18fd13664dbad3c03c79e61"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50a1e2f50f6c22b93b94eb8d168a1be3c05bf5cd"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc4191e8ef40d2249c1b9a8617d22ec8a976b574"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4e3eaaa3cb3af77836d806c89cd6ebf533a7320"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa68d3c3ac8d1dcec40d52ae27e39f6d32207009"
}
],
"title": "i40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-39972",
"datePublished": "2025-10-15T07:55:54.929Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:41.675Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-39972",
"date": "2026-09-14",
"epss": "0.00144",
"percentile": "0.04031"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-10-16T01:01:53.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39972",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-39972",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
"product_status:known_affected": "2",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "i40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-39972.json",
"version": "1"
},
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-39972\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-10-15T08:15:34.880\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:24:03.223\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ni40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map\\n\\nEnsure idx is within range of active/initialized TCs when iterating over\\nvf-\u003ech[idx] in i40e_validate_queue_map().\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"b6cb93a7ff208f324c7ec581d72995f80e115e0e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"6f15a7b34fae75e745bdc2ec05e06ddfd0dd2f3c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"34dfac0c904829967d500c51f216916ce1452957\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"4d5e804a9e19b639b18fd13664dbad3c03c79e61\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"50a1e2f50f6c22b93b94eb8d168a1be3c05bf5cd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"cc4191e8ef40d2249c1b9a8617d22ec8a976b574\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"d4e3eaaa3cb3af77836d806c89cd6ebf533a7320\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\",\"lessThan\":\"aa68d3c3ac8d1dcec40d52ae27e39f6d32207009\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.17\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.17\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.300\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.245\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.194\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.155\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.109\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.50\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.0,\"impactScore\":6.0}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34dfac0c904829967d500c51f216916ce1452957\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d5e804a9e19b639b18fd13664dbad3c03c79e61\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50a1e2f50f6c22b93b94eb8d168a1be3c05bf5cd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f15a7b34fae75e745bdc2ec05e06ddfd0dd2f3c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa68d3c3ac8d1dcec40d52ae27e39f6d32207009\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6cb93a7ff208f324c7ec581d72995f80e115e0e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc4191e8ef40d2249c1b9a8617d22ec8a976b574\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4e3eaaa3cb3af77836d806c89cd6ebf533a7320\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:57:17+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39972",
"id": "CVE-2025-39972",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "260",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: i40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39972.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Loading…
Loading…