CVE-2025-39889 (GCVE-0-2025-39889)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-24 11:02 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bluetooth: l2cap: Check encryption key size on incoming connection
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: l2cap: Check encryption key size on incoming connection
This is required for passing GAP/SEC/SEM/BI-04-C PTS test case:
Security Mode 4 Level 4, Responder - Invalid Encryption Key Size
- 128 bit
This tests the security key with size from 1 to 15 bytes while the
Security Mode 4 Level 4 requests 16 bytes key size.
Currently PTS fails with the following logs:
- expected:Connection Response:
Code: [3 (0x03)] Code
Identifier: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt)
Length: [8 (0x0008)]
Destination CID: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt)
Source CID: [64 (0x0040)]
Result: [3 (0x0003)] Connection refused - Security block
Status: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt),
but received:Connection Response:
Code: [3 (0x03)] Code
Identifier: [1 (0x01)]
Length: [8 (0x0008)]
Destination CID: [64 (0x0040)]
Source CID: [64 (0x0040)]
Result: [0 (0x0000)] Connection Successful
Status: [0 (0x0000)] No further information available
And HCI logs:
< HCI Command: Read Encrypti.. (0x05|0x0008) plen 2
Handle: 14 Address: 00:1B:DC:F2:24:10 (Vencer Co., Ltd.)
> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 7
Read Encryption Key Size (0x05|0x0008) ncmd 1
Status: Success (0x00)
Handle: 14 Address: 00:1B:DC:F2:24:10 (Vencer Co., Ltd.)
Key size: 7
> ACL Data RX: Handle 14 flags 0x02 dlen 12
L2CAP: Connection Request (0x02) ident 1 len 4
PSM: 4097 (0x1001)
Source CID: 64
< ACL Data TX: Handle 14 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP: Connection Response (0x03) ident 1 len 8
Destination CID: 64
Source CID: 64
Result: Connection successful (0x0000)
Status: No further information available (0x0000)
Severity
8.1 (High)
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-14 17:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-326 - Inadequate Encryption Strength
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4f911a538e089cce808a15dc3277250f4f8daef9 , < ed503d340a501e414114ddc614a3aae4f6e9eae2
(git)
Affected: 288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9 , < 24b2cdfc16e9bd6ab3d03b8e01c590755bd3141f (git) Affected: 288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9 , < c6d527bbd3d3896375079f5dbc8b7f96734a3ba5 (git) Affected: 288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9 , < 9e3114958d87ea88383cbbf38c89e04b8ea1bce5 (git) Affected: 288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9 , < d49798ecd26e0ee7995a7fc1e90ca5cd9b4402d6 (git) Affected: 288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9 , < d4ca2fd218caafbf50e3343ba1260c6a23b5676a (git) Affected: 288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9 , < 522e9ed157e3c21b4dd623c79967f72c21e45b78 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.11
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.11 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.181 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.135 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.88 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.25 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.4 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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{
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"value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nBluetooth: l2cap: Verificar el tama\u00f1o de la clave de cifrado en la conexi\u00f3n entrante\n\nEsto es necesario para aprobar el caso de prueba GAP/SEC/SEM/BI-04-C PTS:\n Modo de seguridad 4 Nivel 4, Respondedor - Tama\u00f1o de clave de cifrado no v\u00e1lido\n - 128 bits\n\nEsto prueba la clave de seguridad con un tama\u00f1o de 1 a 15 bytes, mientras que el Modo de seguridad 4 Nivel 4 solicita un tama\u00f1o de clave de 16 bytes.\n\nActualmente, PTS falla con los siguientes registros:\n- esperado:Respuesta de conexi\u00f3n:\n C\u00f3digo: [3 (0x03)] C\u00f3digo\n Identificador: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt)\n Longitud: [8 (0x0008)]\n CID de destino: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt)\n CID de origen: [64 (0x0040)]\n Resultado: [3 (0x0003)] Conexi\u00f3n rechazada - Bloqueo de seguridad\n Estado: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt),\npero recibido:Respuesta de conexi\u00f3n:\n C\u00f3digo: [3 (0x03)] C\u00f3digo\n Identificador: [1 (0x01)]\n Longitud: [8 (0x0008)]\n CID de destino: [64 (0x0040)]\n CID de origen: [64 (0x0040)]\n Resultado: [0 (0x0000)] Conexi\u00f3n exitosa\n Estado: [0 (0x0000)] No hay m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n disponible\n\nY registros HCI:\n\u003c Comando HCI: Leer Cifrado.. (0x05|0x0008) plen 2\n Handle: 14 Direcci\u00f3n: 00:1B:DC:F2:24:10 (Vencer Co., Ltd.)\n\u003e Evento HCI: Comando Completado (0x0e) plen 7\n Leer Tama\u00f1o de Clave de Cifrado (0x05|0x0008) ncmd 1\n Estado: \u00c9xito (0x00)\n Handle: 14 Direcci\u00f3n: 00:1B:DC:F2:24:10 (Vencer Co., Ltd.)\n Tama\u00f1o de clave: 7\n\u003e Datos ACL RX: Handle 14 flags 0x02 dlen 12\n L2CAP: Solicitud de conexi\u00f3n (0x02) ident 1 len 4\n PSM: 4097 (0x1001)\n CID de origen: 64\n\u003c Datos ACL TX: Handle 14 flags 0x00 dlen 16\n L2CAP: Respuesta de conexi\u00f3n (0x03) ident 1 len 8\n CID de destino: 64\n CID de origen: 64\n Resultado: Conexi\u00f3n exitosa (0x0000)\n Estado: No hay m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n disponible (0x0000)"
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-39889",
"lastModified": "2026-09-26T00:10:00.127",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 5.2,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-39889",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-14T17:37:06.505788Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-09-24T11:15:32.780",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24b2cdfc16e9bd6ab3d03b8e01c590755bd3141f"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/522e9ed157e3c21b4dd623c79967f72c21e45b78"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9e3114958d87ea88383cbbf38c89e04b8ea1bce5"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c6d527bbd3d3896375079f5dbc8b7f96734a3ba5"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d49798ecd26e0ee7995a7fc1e90ca5cd9b4402d6"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4ca2fd218caafbf50e3343ba1260c6a23b5676a"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed503d340a501e414114ddc614a3aae4f6e9eae2"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-326"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-326"
}
],
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T02:55:52+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39889",
"id": "CVE-2025-39889",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-24T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Bluetooth: l2cap: Check encryption key size on incoming connection",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39889.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-39889",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-14T17:37:06.505788Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-326",
"description": "CWE-326 Inadequate Encryption Strength",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T17:37:00.445Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "ed503d340a501e414114ddc614a3aae4f6e9eae2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4f911a538e089cce808a15dc3277250f4f8daef9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "24b2cdfc16e9bd6ab3d03b8e01c590755bd3141f",
"status": "affected",
"version": "288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "c6d527bbd3d3896375079f5dbc8b7f96734a3ba5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "9e3114958d87ea88383cbbf38c89e04b8ea1bce5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "d49798ecd26e0ee7995a7fc1e90ca5cd9b4402d6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "d4ca2fd218caafbf50e3343ba1260c6a23b5676a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "522e9ed157e3c21b4dd623c79967f72c21e45b78",
"status": "affected",
"version": "288c06973daae4637f25a0d1bdaf65fdbf8455f9",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.11"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.11",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.181",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.135",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.88",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.25",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.14.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.181",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.135",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.88",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.14.4",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: l2cap: Check encryption key size on incoming connection\n\nThis is required for passing GAP/SEC/SEM/BI-04-C PTS test case:\n Security Mode 4 Level 4, Responder - Invalid Encryption Key Size\n - 128 bit\n\nThis tests the security key with size from 1 to 15 bytes while the\nSecurity Mode 4 Level 4 requests 16 bytes key size.\n\nCurrently PTS fails with the following logs:\n- expected:Connection Response:\n Code: [3 (0x03)] Code\n Identifier: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt)\n Length: [8 (0x0008)]\n Destination CID: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt)\n Source CID: [64 (0x0040)]\n Result: [3 (0x0003)] Connection refused - Security block\n Status: (lt)WildCard: Exists(gt),\nbut received:Connection Response:\n Code: [3 (0x03)] Code\n Identifier: [1 (0x01)]\n Length: [8 (0x0008)]\n Destination CID: [64 (0x0040)]\n Source CID: [64 (0x0040)]\n Result: [0 (0x0000)] Connection Successful\n Status: [0 (0x0000)] No further information available\n\nAnd HCI logs:\n\u003c HCI Command: Read Encrypti.. (0x05|0x0008) plen 2\n Handle: 14 Address: 00:1B:DC:F2:24:10 (Vencer Co., Ltd.)\n\u003e HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 7\n Read Encryption Key Size (0x05|0x0008) ncmd 1\n Status: Success (0x00)\n Handle: 14 Address: 00:1B:DC:F2:24:10 (Vencer Co., Ltd.)\n Key size: 7\n\u003e ACL Data RX: Handle 14 flags 0x02 dlen 12\n L2CAP: Connection Request (0x02) ident 1 len 4\n PSM: 4097 (0x1001)\n Source CID: 64\n\u003c ACL Data TX: Handle 14 flags 0x00 dlen 16\n L2CAP: Connection Response (0x03) ident 1 len 8\n Destination CID: 64\n Source CID: 64\n Result: Connection successful (0x0000)\n Status: No further information available (0x0000)"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T08:39:32.702Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24b2cdfc16e9bd6ab3d03b8e01c590755bd3141f"
},
{
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9e3114958d87ea88383cbbf38c89e04b8ea1bce5"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d49798ecd26e0ee7995a7fc1e90ca5cd9b4402d6"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4ca2fd218caafbf50e3343ba1260c6a23b5676a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/522e9ed157e3c21b4dd623c79967f72c21e45b78"
}
],
"title": "Bluetooth: l2cap: Check encryption key size on incoming connection",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-39889",
"datePublished": "2025-09-24T11:02:51.036Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.145Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T08:39:32.702Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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