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CVE-2025-39866 (GCVE-0-2025-39866)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 15:26 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:42
VLAI
Title
fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty() An use-after-free issue occurred when __mark_inode_dirty() get the bdi_writeback that was in the progress of switching. CPU: 1 PID: 562 Comm: systemd-random- Not tainted 6.6.56-gb4403bd46a8e #1 ...... pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418 lr : __mark_inode_dirty+0x118/0x418 sp : ffffffc08c9dbbc0 ........ Call trace: __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418 generic_update_time+0x4c/0x60 file_modified+0xcc/0xd0 ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x58/0x124 ext4_file_write_iter+0x54/0x704 vfs_write+0x1c0/0x308 ksys_write+0x74/0x10c __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28 invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0 do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28 el0_svc+0x40/0xe4 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x12c el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198 Root cause is: systemd-random-seed kworker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ___mark_inode_dirty inode_switch_wbs_work_fn spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); inode_attach_wb locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list get inode->i_wb spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); spin_lock(&wb->list_lock) spin_lock(&inode->i_lock) inode_io_list_move_locked spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock) spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock) spin_lock(&old_wb->list_lock) inode_do_switch_wbs spin_lock(&inode->i_lock) inode->i_wb = new_wb spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock) spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock) wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched) cgwb_release old wb released wb_wakeup_delayed() accesses wb, then trigger the use-after-free issue Fix this race condition by holding inode spinlock until wb_wakeup_delayed() finished.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f , < e2a14bbae5d8bacaa301362744a110e2be40a3a3 (git)
Affected: 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f , < b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c (git)
Affected: 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f , < 1edc2feb9c759a9883dfe81cb5ed231412d8b2e4 (git)
Affected: 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f , < bf89b1f87c72df79cf76203f71fbf8349cd5c9de (git)
Affected: 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f , < e63052921f1b25a836feb1500b841bff7a4a0456 (git)
Affected: 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f , < c8c14adf80bd1a6e4a1d7ee9c2a816881c26d17a (git)
Affected: 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f , < d02d2c98d25793902f65803ab853b592c7a96b29 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.2
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.247 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.192 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.151 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.105 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.46 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.6 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Siemens SIMATIC CN 4100 Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached from an ordinary write(2) syscall (vfs_write \u2192 ext4_buffered_write_iter \u2192 file_modified \u2192 generic_update_time \u2192 __mark_inode_dirty), and the competing side requires local cgroup/writeback activity. No network protocol handler is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race \u2014 a multi-threaded write() loop dirties the inode while the attacker forces cgroup writeback switches by dirtying the file from a second memcg and tearing that cgroup down, making the old wb\u0027s last reference drop. Attempts are unlimited and the bug was observed occurring spontaneously during normal boot, and CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK is default-y on all mainstream kernels.\nPR:L - Only an unprivileged local account with write access to a file on a writeback-capable filesystem (ext4/xfs home or /tmp) is needed; cgroup manipulation used to widen the race is available to ordinary users through systemd\u0027s delegated per-user cgroup subtree.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers everything itself through its own write() syscalls and cgroup activity; no victim action or interaction is required.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory within the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed bdi_writeback is dereferenced as `wb-\u003ebdi-\u003ecapabilities`, so a re-sprayed object yields an attacker-controlled pointer dereference and an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive, enabling disclosure of arbitrary kernel data.\nI:H - wb_wakeup_delayed() writes into the freed object (spin_lock_irq on wb-\u003ework_lock) and inserts the freed `wb-\u003edwork` timer into the timer wheel, giving list-write primitives and an attacker-controlled `timer-\u003efunction` \u2014 a direct control-flow hijack path to arbitrary kernel code execution.\nA:H - The use-after-free reliably produces a kernel oops/panic as reported in the original crash trace (__mark_inode_dirty+0x124), and can be triggered repeatedly to crash the system."
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      "version": "1"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-39866\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-09-19T16:15:45.657\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:23:52.687\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nfs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()\\n\\nAn use-after-free issue occurred when __mark_inode_dirty() get the\\nbdi_writeback that was in the progress of switching.\\n\\nCPU: 1 PID: 562 Comm: systemd-random- Not tainted 6.6.56-gb4403bd46a8e #1\\n......\\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\\npc : __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\\nlr : __mark_inode_dirty+0x118/0x418\\nsp : ffffffc08c9dbbc0\\n........\\nCall trace:\\n __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\\n generic_update_time+0x4c/0x60\\n file_modified+0xcc/0xd0\\n ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x58/0x124\\n ext4_file_write_iter+0x54/0x704\\n vfs_write+0x1c0/0x308\\n ksys_write+0x74/0x10c\\n __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28\\n invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114\\n el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0\\n do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\\n el0_svc+0x40/0xe4\\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x12c\\n el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198\\n\\nRoot cause is:\\n\\nsystemd-random-seed                         kworker\\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\\n___mark_inode_dirty                     inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\\n\\n  spin_lock(\u0026inode-\u003ei_lock);\\n  inode_attach_wb\\n  locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list\\n     get inode-\u003ei_wb\\n     spin_unlock(\u0026inode-\u003ei_lock);\\n     spin_lock(\u0026wb-\u003elist_lock)\\n  spin_lock(\u0026inode-\u003ei_lock)\\n  inode_io_list_move_locked\\n  spin_unlock(\u0026wb-\u003elist_lock)\\n  spin_unlock(\u0026inode-\u003ei_lock)\\n                                    spin_lock(\u0026old_wb-\u003elist_lock)\\n                                      inode_do_switch_wbs\\n                                        spin_lock(\u0026inode-\u003ei_lock)\\n                                        inode-\u003ei_wb = new_wb\\n                                        spin_unlock(\u0026inode-\u003ei_lock)\\n                                    spin_unlock(\u0026old_wb-\u003elist_lock)\\n                                    wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched)\\n                                      cgwb_release\\n                                      old wb released\\n  wb_wakeup_delayed() accesses wb,\\n  then trigger the use-after-free\\n  issue\\n\\nFix this race condition by holding inode spinlock until\\nwb_wakeup_delayed() finished.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/fs-writeback.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f\",\"lessThan\":\"e2a14bbae5d8bacaa301362744a110e2be40a3a3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f\",\"lessThan\":\"b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f\",\"lessThan\":\"1edc2feb9c759a9883dfe81cb5ed231412d8b2e4\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f\",\"lessThan\":\"bf89b1f87c72df79cf76203f71fbf8349cd5c9de\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f\",\"lessThan\":\"e63052921f1b25a836feb1500b841bff7a4a0456\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f\",\"lessThan\":\"c8c14adf80bd1a6e4a1d7ee9c2a816881c26d17a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f\",\"lessThan\":\"d02d2c98d25793902f65803ab853b592c7a96b29\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/fs-writeback.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.2\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.2\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.247\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.192\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.151\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.105\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.46\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC CN 4100\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"V5.0\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.247\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"973B2007-ACEA-4C4E-9A34-FF155EE17424\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.192\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8A911BD7-361F-45C0-A4A6-33FCBA0F6117\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.151\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"BC2D0B88-F133-4143-B91D-0A439AA143C0\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.105\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B9364B0C-6B18-422E-8254-73EF0E856875\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.46\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F7E2B332-E920-4CAC-B400-288602DB6F16\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"548F104C-0F08-438B-9C97-64C903F0C678\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"327D22EF-390B-454C-BD31-2ED23C998A1C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C730CD9A-D969-4A8E-9522-162AAF7C0EE9\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1edc2feb9c759a9883dfe81cb5ed231412d8b2e4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf89b1f87c72df79cf76203f71fbf8349cd5c9de\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8c14adf80bd1a6e4a1d7ee9c2a816881c26d17a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d02d2c98d25793902f65803ab853b592c7a96b29\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2a14bbae5d8bacaa301362744a110e2be40a3a3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e63052921f1b25a836feb1500b841bff7a4a0456\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:57:44+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39866",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39866",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-19T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "612",
      "product_status:known_affected": "98",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39866.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.