CVE-2025-39766 (GCVE-0-2025-39766)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-11 16:56 – Updated: 2026-06-11 18:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net/sched: Make cake_enqueue return NET_XMIT_CN when past buffer_limit
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/sched: Make cake_enqueue return NET_XMIT_CN when past buffer_limit
The following setup can trigger a WARNING in htb_activate due to
the condition: !cl->leaf.q->q.qlen
tc qdisc del dev lo root
tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: htb default 1
tc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 \
htb rate 64bit
tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle f: \
cake memlimit 1b
ping -I lo -f -c1 -s64 -W0.001 127.0.0.1
This is because the low memlimit leads to a low buffer_limit, which
causes packet dropping. However, cake_enqueue still returns
NET_XMIT_SUCCESS, causing htb_enqueue to call htb_activate with an
empty child qdisc. We should return NET_XMIT_CN when packets are
dropped from the same tin and flow.
I do not believe return value of NET_XMIT_CN is necessary for packet
drops in the case of ack filtering, as that is meant to optimize
performance, not to signal congestion.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:40 UTC
Assigner
References
11 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < 7689ab22de36f8db19095f6bdf11f28cfde92f5c
(git)
Affected: 046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < de04ddd2980b48caa8d7e24a7db2742917a8b280 (git) Affected: 046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < 0dacfc5372e314d1219f03e64dde3ab495a5a25e (git) Affected: 046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < 710866fc0a64eafcb8bacd91bcb1329eb7e5035f (git) Affected: 046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < aa12ee1c1bd260943fd6ab556d8635811c332eeb (git) Affected: 046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < ff57186b2cc39766672c4c0332323933e5faaa88 (git) Affected: 046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < 62d591dde4defb1333d202410609c4ddeae060b3 (git) Affected: 046f6fd5daefac7f5abdafb436b30f63bc7c602b , < 15de71d06a400f7fdc15bf377a2552b0ec437cf5 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.19
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.19 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.149 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.103 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.44 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.4 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC CN 4100 |
Affected:
0 , < V5.0
(custom)
|
guessed |
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"value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnet/sched: Hacer que cake_enqueue devuelva NET_XMIT_CN cuando se excede el buffer_limit\n\nLa siguiente configuraci\u00f3n puede activar una ADVERTENCIA en htb_activate debido a la condici\u00f3n: !cl-\u003eleaf.q-\u003eq.qlen\n\ntc qdisc del dev lo root\ntc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: htb default 1\ntc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 \\\n htb rate 64bit\ntc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle f: \\\n cake memlimit 1b\nping -I lo -f -c1 -s64 -W0.001 127.0.0.1\n\nEsto se debe a que el memlimit bajo conduce a un buffer_limit bajo, lo que provoca la ca\u00edda de paquetes. Sin embargo, cake_enqueue todav\u00eda devuelve NET_XMIT_SUCCESS, haciendo que htb_enqueue llame a htb_activate con un qdisc hijo vac\u00edo. Deber\u00edamos devolver NET_XMIT_CN cuando los paquetes se descartan del mismo tin y flujo.\n\nNo creo que el valor de retorno de NET_XMIT_CN sea necesario para la ca\u00edda de paquetes en el caso del filtrado de ACKs, ya que eso est\u00e1 destinado a optimizar el rendimiento, no a se\u00f1alar congesti\u00f3n."
}
],
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"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
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"title": "kernel: net/sched: Make cake_enqueue return NET_XMIT_CN when past buffer_limit",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39766.json",
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{
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"options": [
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},
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{
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}
],
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: Make cake_enqueue return NET_XMIT_CN when past buffer_limit\n\nThe following setup can trigger a WARNING in htb_activate due to\nthe condition: !cl-\u003eleaf.q-\u003eq.qlen\n\ntc qdisc del dev lo root\ntc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: htb default 1\ntc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 \\\n htb rate 64bit\ntc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle f: \\\n cake memlimit 1b\nping -I lo -f -c1 -s64 -W0.001 127.0.0.1\n\nThis is because the low memlimit leads to a low buffer_limit, which\ncauses packet dropping. However, cake_enqueue still returns\nNET_XMIT_SUCCESS, causing htb_enqueue to call htb_activate with an\nempty child qdisc. We should return NET_XMIT_CN when packets are\ndropped from the same tin and flow.\n\nI do not believe return value of NET_XMIT_CN is necessary for packet\ndrops in the case of ack filtering, as that is meant to optimize\nperformance, not to signal congestion."
}
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}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.