CVE-2025-39748 (GCVE-0-2025-39748)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-11 16:52 – Updated: 2026-10-15 01:08
VLAI
Title
bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET Syzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation on the following BPF program. 0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie 1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit> 2: if r0 & Oxffffffff goto <exit> The issue is on the path where we fall through both jumps. That path is unreachable at runtime: after insn 1, we know r0 != 0, but with the sign extension on the jset, we would only fallthrough insn 2 if r0 == 0. Unfortunately, is_branch_taken() isn't currently able to figure this out, so the verifier walks all branches. The verifier then refines the register bounds using the second condition and we end up with inconsistent bounds on this unreachable path: 1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit> r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff) 2: if r0 & 0xffffffff goto <exit> r0 before reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0) r0 after reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0) Improving the range refinement for JSET to cover all cases is tricky. We also don't expect many users to rely on JSET given LLVM doesn't generate those instructions. So instead of improving the range refinement for JSETs, Eduard suggested we forget the ranges whenever we're narrowing tnums after a JSET. This patch implements that approach.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6992 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < 22191359f8454b0be082c3b126f86bcbea0f1318 (git)
Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < c29dd8336236a4deb75596b52d2dd16ccc4a380d (git)
Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < 591c788d16046edb0220800bf1819554af5853ce (git)
Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < 0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2 (git)
Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < f01e06930444cab289a8783017af9b64255bd103 (git)
Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < 2fd0c26bacd90ef26522bd3169000a4715bf151f (git)
Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < 80a6b11862a7cfdf691e8f9faee89cfea219f098 (git)
Affected: 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 , < 6279846b9b2532e1b04559ef8bd0dec049f29383 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.253 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.203 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.167 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.130 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.43 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.11 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.2 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.7 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.7 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.7 , < * (custom)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET\n\nSyzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation on\nthe following BPF program.\n\n  0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto \u003cexit\u003e\n  2: if r0 \u0026 Oxffffffff goto \u003cexit\u003e\n\nThe issue is on the path where we fall through both jumps.\n\nThat path is unreachable at runtime: after insn 1, we know r0 != 0, but\nwith the sign extension on the jset, we would only fallthrough insn 2\nif r0 == 0. Unfortunately, is_branch_taken() isn\u0027t currently able to\nfigure this out, so the verifier walks all branches. The verifier then\nrefines the register bounds using the second condition and we end\nup with inconsistent bounds on this unreachable path:\n\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto \u003cexit\u003e\n    r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff)\n  2: if r0 \u0026 0xffffffff goto \u003cexit\u003e\n    r0 before reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0)\n    r0 after reg_bounds_sync:  u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0)\n\nImproving the range refinement for JSET to cover all cases is tricky. We\nalso don\u0027t expect many users to rely on JSET given LLVM doesn\u0027t generate\nthose instructions. So instead of improving the range refinement for\nJSETs, Eduard suggested we forget the ranges whenever we\u0027re narrowing\ntnums after a JSET. This patch implements that approach."
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        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET\n\nSyzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation on\nthe following BPF program.\n\n  0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto \u003cexit\u003e\n  2: if r0 \u0026 Oxffffffff goto \u003cexit\u003e\n\nThe issue is on the path where we fall through both jumps.\n\nThat path is unreachable at runtime: after insn 1, we know r0 != 0, but\nwith the sign extension on the jset, we would only fallthrough insn 2\nif r0 == 0. Unfortunately, is_branch_taken() isn\u0027t currently able to\nfigure this out, so the verifier walks all branches. The verifier then\nrefines the register bounds using the second condition and we end\nup with inconsistent bounds on this unreachable path:\n\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto \u003cexit\u003e\n    r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff)\n  2: if r0 \u0026 0xffffffff goto \u003cexit\u003e\n    r0 before reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0)\n    r0 after reg_bounds_sync:  u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0)\n\nImproving the range refinement for JSET to cover all cases is tricky. We\nalso don\u0027t expect many users to rely on JSET given LLVM doesn\u0027t generate\nthose instructions. So instead of improving the range refinement for\nJSETs, Eduard suggested we forget the ranges whenever we\u0027re narrowing\ntnums after a JSET. This patch implements that approach."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nbpf: Olvidar rangos al refinar tnum despu\u00e9s de JSET\n\nSyzbot inform\u00f3 una advertencia del kernel debido a una violaci\u00f3n de invariante de rango en el siguiente programa BPF.\n\n  0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto \u003cexit\u003e\n  2: if r0 \u0026 Oxffffffff goto \u003cexit\u003e\n\nEl problema est\u00e1 en la ruta donde caemos a trav\u00e9s de ambos saltos.\n\nEsa ruta es inalcanzable en tiempo de ejecuci\u00f3n: despu\u00e9s de la instrucci\u00f3n 1, sabemos que r0 != 0, pero con la extensi\u00f3n de signo en el jset, solo caer\u00edamos a trav\u00e9s de la instrucci\u00f3n 2 si r0 == 0. Desafortunadamente, is_branch_taken() no es capaz actualmente de determinar esto, por lo que el verificador recorre todas las ramas. El verificador luego refina los l\u00edmites del registro usando la segunda condici\u00f3n y terminamos con l\u00edmites inconsistentes en esta ruta inalcanzable:\n\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto \u003cexit\u003e\n    r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff)\n  2: if r0 \u0026 0xffffffff goto \u003cexit\u003e\n    r0 antes de reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0)\n    r0 despu\u00e9s de reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0)\n\nMejorar el refinamiento de rango para JSET para cubrir todos los casos es complicado. Tampoco esperamos que muchos usuarios dependan de JSET dado que LLVM no genera esas instrucciones. As\u00ed que, en lugar de mejorar el refinamiento de rango para los JSET, Eduard sugiri\u00f3 que olvidemos los rangos cada vez que estemos estrechando tnums despu\u00e9s de un JSET. Este parche implementa ese enfoque."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-39748",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 5.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-09-11T17:15:38.237",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2"
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            "tags": [
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        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:22:25+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39748",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39748",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-11T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "260",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39748.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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