CVE-2025-38591 (GCVE-0-2025-38591)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 17:03 – Updated: 2026-09-14 11:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields
The following BPF program, simplified from a syzkaller repro, causes a
kernel warning:
r0 = *(u8 *)(r1 + 169);
exit;
With pointer field sk being at offset 168 in __sk_buff. This access is
detected as a narrower read in bpf_skb_is_valid_access because it
doesn't match offsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk). It is therefore allowed
and later proceeds to bpf_convert_ctx_access. Note that for the
"is_narrower_load" case in the convert_ctx_accesses(), the insn->off
is aligned, so the cnt may not be 0 because it matches the
offsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk) in the bpf_convert_ctx_access. However,
the target_size stays 0 and the verifier errors with a kernel warning:
verifier bug: error during ctx access conversion(1)
This patch fixes that to return a proper "invalid bpf_context access
off=X size=Y" error on the load instruction.
The same issue affects multiple other fields in context structures that
allow narrow access. Some other non-affected fields (for sk_msg,
sk_lookup, and sockopt) were also changed to use bpf_ctx_range_ptr for
consistency.
Note this syzkaller crash was reported in the "Closes" link below, which
used to be about a different bug, fixed in
commit fce7bd8e385a ("bpf/verifier: Handle BPF_LOAD_ACQ instructions
in insn_def_regno()"). Because syzbot somehow confused the two bugs,
the new crash and repro didn't get reported to the mailing list.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:41 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0 , < 7847c4140e06f6e87229faae22cc38525334c156
(git)
Affected: f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0 , < feae34c992eb7191862fb1594c704fbbf650fef8 (git) Affected: f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0 , < 33660d44e789edb4f303210c813fc56d56377a90 (git) Affected: f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0 , < e2e9599f3503df7cf3569d2b6c50d5488fb59435 (git) Affected: f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0 , < 058a0da4f6d916a79b693384111bb80a90d73763 (git) Affected: f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0 , < 202900ceeef67458c964c2af6e1427c8e533ea7c (git) Affected: f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0 , < e09299225d5ba3916c91ef70565f7d2187e4cca0 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.13
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.13 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.249 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.199 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.162 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.157 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.67 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-38591",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:20.077651Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:11.247Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "affected",
"version": "V3.1.6",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "affected",
"version": "V3.1.6",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "affected",
"version": "V3.1.6",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "affected",
"version": "V3.1.6",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "affected",
"version": "V3.1.6",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T08:41:52.218Z",
"orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
"shortName": "siemens-SADP"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"
}
],
"x_adpType": "supplier"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"kernel/bpf/cgroup.c",
"net/core/filter.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "7847c4140e06f6e87229faae22cc38525334c156",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "feae34c992eb7191862fb1594c704fbbf650fef8",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "33660d44e789edb4f303210c813fc56d56377a90",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "e2e9599f3503df7cf3569d2b6c50d5488fb59435",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "058a0da4f6d916a79b693384111bb80a90d73763",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "202900ceeef67458c964c2af6e1427c8e533ea7c",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "e09299225d5ba3916c91ef70565f7d2187e4cca0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"kernel/bpf/cgroup.c",
"net/core/filter.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.13"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.13",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.249",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.199",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.162",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.157",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.67",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.1",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.249",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.199",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.162",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.157",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.67",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields\n\nThe following BPF program, simplified from a syzkaller repro, causes a\nkernel warning:\n\n r0 = *(u8 *)(r1 + 169);\n exit;\n\nWith pointer field sk being at offset 168 in __sk_buff. This access is\ndetected as a narrower read in bpf_skb_is_valid_access because it\ndoesn\u0027t match offsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk). It is therefore allowed\nand later proceeds to bpf_convert_ctx_access. Note that for the\n\"is_narrower_load\" case in the convert_ctx_accesses(), the insn-\u003eoff\nis aligned, so the cnt may not be 0 because it matches the\noffsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk) in the bpf_convert_ctx_access. However,\nthe target_size stays 0 and the verifier errors with a kernel warning:\n\n verifier bug: error during ctx access conversion(1)\n\nThis patch fixes that to return a proper \"invalid bpf_context access\noff=X size=Y\" error on the load instruction.\n\nThe same issue affects multiple other fields in context structures that\nallow narrow access. Some other non-affected fields (for sk_msg,\nsk_lookup, and sockopt) were also changed to use bpf_ctx_range_ptr for\nconsistency.\n\nNote this syzkaller crash was reported in the \"Closes\" link below, which\nused to be about a different bug, fixed in\ncommit fce7bd8e385a (\"bpf/verifier: Handle BPF_LOAD_ACQ instructions\nin insn_def_regno()\"). Because syzbot somehow confused the two bugs,\nthe new crash and repro didn\u0027t get reported to the mailing list."
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T11:58:03.288Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7847c4140e06f6e87229faae22cc38525334c156"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/feae34c992eb7191862fb1594c704fbbf650fef8"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33660d44e789edb4f303210c813fc56d56377a90"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2e9599f3503df7cf3569d2b6c50d5488fb59435"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/058a0da4f6d916a79b693384111bb80a90d73763"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/202900ceeef67458c964c2af6e1427c8e533ea7c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e09299225d5ba3916c91ef70565f7d2187e4cca0"
}
],
"title": "bpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-38591",
"datePublished": "2025-08-19T17:03:12.508Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.026Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T11:58:03.288Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-38591",
"date": "2026-09-17",
"epss": "0.00197",
"percentile": "0.09763"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-09-09T01:46:03.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38591",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-38591",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-04T02:32:08.000Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "23",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "bpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38591.json",
"version": "20"
},
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38591\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-08-19T17:15:36.790\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-09-14T12:17:36.590\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nbpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields\\n\\nThe following BPF program, simplified from a syzkaller repro, causes a\\nkernel warning:\\n\\n r0 = *(u8 *)(r1 + 169);\\n exit;\\n\\nWith pointer field sk being at offset 168 in __sk_buff. This access is\\ndetected as a narrower read in bpf_skb_is_valid_access because it\\ndoesn\u0027t match offsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk). It is therefore allowed\\nand later proceeds to bpf_convert_ctx_access. Note that for the\\n\\\"is_narrower_load\\\" case in the convert_ctx_accesses(), the insn-\u003eoff\\nis aligned, so the cnt may not be 0 because it matches the\\noffsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk) in the bpf_convert_ctx_access. However,\\nthe target_size stays 0 and the verifier errors with a kernel warning:\\n\\n verifier bug: error during ctx access conversion(1)\\n\\nThis patch fixes that to return a proper \\\"invalid bpf_context access\\noff=X size=Y\\\" error on the load instruction.\\n\\nThe same issue affects multiple other fields in context structures that\\nallow narrow access. Some other non-affected fields (for sk_msg,\\nsk_lookup, and sockopt) were also changed to use bpf_ctx_range_ptr for\\nconsistency.\\n\\nNote this syzkaller crash was reported in the \\\"Closes\\\" link below, which\\nused to be about a different bug, fixed in\\ncommit fce7bd8e385a (\\\"bpf/verifier: Handle BPF_LOAD_ACQ instructions\\nin insn_def_regno()\\\"). Because syzbot somehow confused the two bugs,\\nthe new crash and repro didn\u0027t get reported to the mailing list.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: Rechazo de acceso m\u00e1s estrecho a campos de puntero ctx. El siguiente programa BPF, simplificado a partir de una reproducci\u00f3n de syzkaller, genera una advertencia del kernel: r0 = *(u8 *)(r1 + 169); exit; Con el campo de puntero sk en el desplazamiento 168 en __sk_buff. Este acceso se detecta como una lectura m\u00e1s estrecha en bpf_skb_is_valid_access porque no coincide con offsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk). Por lo tanto, se permite y posteriormente procede a bpf_convert_ctx_access. Tenga en cuenta que para el caso \\\"is_narrower_load\\\" en convert_ctx_accesses(), insn-\u0026gt;off est\u00e1 alineado, por lo que cnt puede no ser 0 porque coincide con offsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk) en bpf_convert_ctx_access. Sin embargo, el tama\u00f1o objetivo permanece en 0 y el verificador genera una advertencia del kernel: error del verificador: error durante la conversi\u00f3n de acceso a ctx(1). Este parche corrige este error para devolver un error correcto de \\\"acceso a bpf_context no v\u00e1lido off=X size=Y\\\" en la instrucci\u00f3n de carga. El mismo problema afecta a varios campos en las estructuras de contexto que permiten acceso restringido. Algunos campos no afectados (para sk_msg, sk_lookup y sockopt) tambi\u00e9n se modificaron para usar bpf_ctx_range_ptr por consistencia. Tenga en cuenta que este fallo de syzkaller se report\u00f3 en el enlace \\\"Cierres\\\" a continuaci\u00f3n, que sol\u00eda referirse a un error diferente, corregido en el commit fce7bd8e385a (\\\"bpf/verifier: Handle BPF_LOAD_ACQ instructions in insn_def_regno()\\\"). Debido a que syzbot confundi\u00f3 de alguna manera los dos errores, el nuevo fallo y la reproducci\u00f3n no se reportaron a la lista de correo.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/bpf/cgroup.c\",\"net/core/filter.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\",\"lessThan\":\"7847c4140e06f6e87229faae22cc38525334c156\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\",\"lessThan\":\"feae34c992eb7191862fb1594c704fbbf650fef8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\",\"lessThan\":\"33660d44e789edb4f303210c813fc56d56377a90\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\",\"lessThan\":\"e2e9599f3503df7cf3569d2b6c50d5488fb59435\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\",\"lessThan\":\"058a0da4f6d916a79b693384111bb80a90d73763\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\",\"lessThan\":\"202900ceeef67458c964c2af6e1427c8e533ea7c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\",\"lessThan\":\"e09299225d5ba3916c91ef70565f7d2187e4cca0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/bpf/cgroup.c\",\"net/core/filter.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.13\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.13\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.249\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.199\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.162\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.157\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.67\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-10T20:41:20.077651Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38591\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"AB2224FC-84B3-4160-8586-B94DC0B0080B\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/058a0da4f6d916a79b693384111bb80a90d73763\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/202900ceeef67458c964c2af6e1427c8e533ea7c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33660d44e789edb4f303210c813fc56d56377a90\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7847c4140e06f6e87229faae22cc38525334c156\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e09299225d5ba3916c91ef70565f7d2187e4cca0\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2e9599f3503df7cf3569d2b6c50d5488fb59435\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/feae34c992eb7191862fb1594c704fbbf650fef8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Low",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:33:30+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38591",
"id": "CVE-2025-38591",
"initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of Service in BPF due to improper context access",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38591.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"V3.1.6\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}, {\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"V3.1.6\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}, {\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"V3.1.6\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}, {\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"V3.1.6\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}, {\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"V3.1.6\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}], \"x_adpType\": \"supplier\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\", \"shortName\": \"siemens-SADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-08T08:41:52.218Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-38591\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-10T20:41:20.077651Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-11T17:38:15.248Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"bpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\", \"lessThan\": \"7847c4140e06f6e87229faae22cc38525334c156\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\", \"lessThan\": \"feae34c992eb7191862fb1594c704fbbf650fef8\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\", \"lessThan\": \"33660d44e789edb4f303210c813fc56d56377a90\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\", \"lessThan\": \"e2e9599f3503df7cf3569d2b6c50d5488fb59435\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\", \"lessThan\": \"058a0da4f6d916a79b693384111bb80a90d73763\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\", \"lessThan\": \"202900ceeef67458c964c2af6e1427c8e533ea7c\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"f96da09473b52c09125cc9bf7d7d4576ae8229e0\", \"lessThan\": \"e09299225d5ba3916c91ef70565f7d2187e4cca0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/bpf/cgroup.c\", \"net/core/filter.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.13\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.13\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.249\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.199\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.162\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.157\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.67\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.16.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.16.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.17\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/bpf/cgroup.c\", \"net/core/filter.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7847c4140e06f6e87229faae22cc38525334c156\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/feae34c992eb7191862fb1594c704fbbf650fef8\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33660d44e789edb4f303210c813fc56d56377a90\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2e9599f3503df7cf3569d2b6c50d5488fb59435\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/058a0da4f6d916a79b693384111bb80a90d73763\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/202900ceeef67458c964c2af6e1427c8e533ea7c\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e09299225d5ba3916c91ef70565f7d2187e4cca0\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nbpf: Reject narrower access to pointer ctx fields\\n\\nThe following BPF program, simplified from a syzkaller repro, causes a\\nkernel warning:\\n\\n r0 = *(u8 *)(r1 + 169);\\n exit;\\n\\nWith pointer field sk being at offset 168 in __sk_buff. This access is\\ndetected as a narrower read in bpf_skb_is_valid_access because it\\ndoesn\u0027t match offsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk). It is therefore allowed\\nand later proceeds to bpf_convert_ctx_access. Note that for the\\n\\\"is_narrower_load\\\" case in the convert_ctx_accesses(), the insn-\u003eoff\\nis aligned, so the cnt may not be 0 because it matches the\\noffsetof(struct __sk_buff, sk) in the bpf_convert_ctx_access. However,\\nthe target_size stays 0 and the verifier errors with a kernel warning:\\n\\n verifier bug: error during ctx access conversion(1)\\n\\nThis patch fixes that to return a proper \\\"invalid bpf_context access\\noff=X size=Y\\\" error on the load instruction.\\n\\nThe same issue affects multiple other fields in context structures that\\nallow narrow access. Some other non-affected fields (for sk_msg,\\nsk_lookup, and sockopt) were also changed to use bpf_ctx_range_ptr for\\nconsistency.\\n\\nNote this syzkaller crash was reported in the \\\"Closes\\\" link below, which\\nused to be about a different bug, fixed in\\ncommit fce7bd8e385a (\\\"bpf/verifier: Handle BPF_LOAD_ACQ instructions\\nin insn_def_regno()\\\"). Because syzbot somehow confused the two bugs,\\nthe new crash and repro didn\u0027t get reported to the mailing list.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.249\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.199\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.162\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.157\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.67\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.16.1\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.17\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-14T11:58:03.288Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-38591\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-14T11:58:03.288Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T04:51:24.026Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-08-19T17:03:12.508Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…