CVE-2025-38584 (GCVE-0-2025-38584)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 17:03 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all
There is a race condition/UAF in padata_reorder that goes back
to the initial commit. A reference count is taken at the start
of the process in padata_do_parallel, and released at the end in
padata_serial_worker.
This reference count is (and only is) required for padata_replace
to function correctly. If padata_replace is never called then
there is no issue.
In the function padata_reorder which serves as the core of padata,
as soon as padata is added to queue->serial.list, and the associated
spin lock released, that padata may be processed and the reference
count on pd would go away.
Fix this by getting the next padata before the squeue->serial lock
is released.
In order to make this possible, simplify padata_reorder by only
calling it once the next padata arrives.
Severity
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6
(git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < 73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a (git) Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < 609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680 (git) Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db (git) Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45 (git) Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa (git) Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52 (git) Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < 71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.34
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.34 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.258 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.140 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.86 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
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{
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},
{
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"version": "6.15.10",
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},
{
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"version": "6.16.1",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"version": "6.17",
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]
}
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npadata: Fix pd UAF once and for all\n\nThere is a race condition/UAF in padata_reorder that goes back\nto the initial commit. A reference count is taken at the start\nof the process in padata_do_parallel, and released at the end in\npadata_serial_worker.\n\nThis reference count is (and only is) required for padata_replace\nto function correctly. If padata_replace is never called then\nthere is no issue.\n\nIn the function padata_reorder which serves as the core of padata,\nas soon as padata is added to queue-\u003eserial.list, and the associated\nspin lock released, that padata may be processed and the reference\ncount on pd would go away.\n\nFix this by getting the next padata before the squeue-\u003eserial lock\nis released.\n\nIn order to make this possible, simplify padata_reorder by only\ncalling it once the next padata arrives."
}
],
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"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable padata reorder path is only driven by pcrypt AEAD requests, which an unprivileged local user submits via AF_ALG sockets (or in-kernel IPsec); the required `padata_replace()`/`padata_free_shell()` side is a local sysfs/CPU-hotplug/netlink action, so a purely remote attacker cannot set up the necessary state.\nAC:H - The attacker controls only one side of the race (the pcrypt request stream); dropping the base `pd` reference requires `padata_replace()` via root-only sysfs cpumask writes, CPU hotplug, or init-ns CAP_NET_ADMIN `crypto_del_alg` \u2014 conditions truly outside an unprivileged attacker\u0027s control, and the window between `spin_unlock(\u0026squeue-\u003eserial.lock)` and the next `pd` dereference must coincide with the final refcount drop.\nPR:L - An unprivileged user with no capabilities can open AF_ALG sockets and flood `pcrypt(...)` requests to drive `padata_do_parallel`/`padata_do_serial` and hold the race open; no capability check exists on that path.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 the `padata_replace()` trigger routinely occurs automatically via CPU hotplug (cloud vCPU resize, thermal/power hotplug on embedded and Android, suspend/resume offlining secondary CPUs) rather than through a human interacting with content.\nS:U - The use-after-free is on a kernel slab/percpu object and its consequences stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct parallel_data` and its freed percpu `reorder_list`/`squeue` are read after free (`pd-\u003ecpu`, `pd-\u003eprocessed`, `reorder-\u003elock`, list pointers), and reclaiming those allocations with attacker-sprayed objects turns the UAF into an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - After the free, `padata_reorder()` writes into the freed object (`spin_unlock_bh(\u0026pd-\u003elock)`, `refcount_inc()`, `list_del_init()`) and queues `\u0026pd-\u003ereorder_work` and `\u0026squeue-\u003ework` \u2014 work_structs inside freed memory whose `func` pointer is later invoked, giving control-flow hijack and privilege escalation once the slab is reclaimed.\nA:H - Even unexploited, the use-after-free corrupts freed slab and percpu memory, takes a spinlock in freed storage, and queues a work item with a stale function pointer, reliably producing a kernel oops/panic."
}
]
}
],
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{
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-38584",
"datePublished": "2025-08-19T17:03:06.172Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.026Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:10.424Z",
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"date": "2026-09-14",
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"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-38584",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-04T04:21:24.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
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"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
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"title": "padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38584.json",
"version": "18"
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If padata_replace is never called then\\nthere is no issue.\\n\\nIn the function padata_reorder which serves as the core of padata,\\nas soon as padata is added to queue-\u003eserial.list, and the associated\\nspin lock released, that padata may be processed and the reference\\ncount on pd would go away.\\n\\nFix this by getting the next padata before the squeue-\u003eserial lock\\nis released.\\n\\nIn order to make this possible, simplify padata_reorder by only\\ncalling it once the next padata arrives.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: padata: Arregla pd UAF de una vez por todas Hay una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n/UAF en padata_reorder que se remonta a la confirmaci\u00f3n inicial. Se toma un recuento de referencias al inicio del proceso en padata_do_parallel y se libera al final en padata_serial_worker. Este recuento de referencias es (y solo es) necesario para que padata_replace funcione correctamente. Si nunca se llama a padata_replace, no hay problema. En la funci\u00f3n padata_reorder que sirve como n\u00facleo de padata, tan pronto como padata se agrega a queue-\u0026gt;serial.list y se libera el bloqueo de giro asociado, ese padata puede procesarse y el recuento de referencias en pd desaparecer\u00eda. Arregla esto obteniendo el siguiente padata antes de que se libere el bloqueo squeue-\u0026gt;serial. Para que esto sea posible, simplifica padata_reorder llam\u00e1ndolo solo una vez que llega el siguiente padata.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/linux/padata.h\",\"kernel/padata.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/linux/padata.h\",\"kernel/padata.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.6.34\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"2.6.34\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.258\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.209\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.175\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.140\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.86\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.0,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"2.6.34\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"70708DCC-6F9D-4EFE-AF47-0CA615284AD2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58182352-D7DF-4CC9-841E-03C1D852C3FB\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a\",\"so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"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:03:02+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38584",
"id": "CVE-2025-38584",
"initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "260",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38584.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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