CVE-2025-38129 (GCVE-0-2025-38129)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-03 08:35 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
page_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
page_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring
syzbot reported a uaf in page_pool_recycle_in_ring:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862
Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880286045a0 by task syz.0.284/6943
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6943 Comm: syz.0.284 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc3-syzkaller-gdfa94ce54f41 #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]
print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:489
kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:602
lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862
__raw_spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:165 [inline]
_raw_spin_unlock_bh+0x1b/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:210
spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline]
ptr_ring_produce_bh include/linux/ptr_ring.h:164 [inline]
page_pool_recycle_in_ring net/core/page_pool.c:707 [inline]
page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x748/0xb00 net/core/page_pool.c:826
page_pool_put_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:323 [inline]
page_pool_put_full_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:353 [inline]
napi_pp_put_page+0x149/0x2b0 net/core/skbuff.c:1036
skb_pp_recycle net/core/skbuff.c:1047 [inline]
skb_free_head net/core/skbuff.c:1094 [inline]
skb_release_data+0x6c4/0x8a0 net/core/skbuff.c:1125
skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1190 [inline]
__kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:1204 [inline]
sk_skb_reason_drop+0x1c9/0x380 net/core/skbuff.c:1242
kfree_skb_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:1263 [inline]
__skb_queue_purge_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:3343 [inline]
root cause is:
page_pool_recycle_in_ring
ptr_ring_produce
spin_lock(&r->producer_lock);
WRITE_ONCE(r->queue[r->producer++], ptr)
//recycle last page to pool
page_pool_release
page_pool_scrub
page_pool_empty_ring
ptr_ring_consume
page_pool_return_page //release all page
__page_pool_destroy
free_percpu(pool->recycle_stats);
free(pool) //free
spin_unlock(&r->producer_lock); //pool->ring uaf read
recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring);
page_pool can be free while page pool recycle the last page in ring.
Add producer-lock barrier to page_pool_release to prevent the page
pool from being free before all pages have been recycled.
recycle_stat_inc() is empty when CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS is not
enabled, which will trigger Wempty-body build warning. Add definition
for pool stat macro to fix warning.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:41 UTC
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f , < c2c906142293931e33ef4be79ebc36c25c4e21dd
(git)
Affected: ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f , < d69f28ef7cdafdcf37ee310f38b1399e7d05f9a8 (git) Affected: ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f , < 1a8c0b61d4cb55c5440583ec9e7f86a730369e32 (git) Affected: ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f , < 4914c0a166540e534a0c1d43affd329d95fb56fd (git) Affected: ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f , < e869a85acc2e60dc554579b910826a4919d8cd98 (git) Affected: ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f , < 4ab8c0f8905c9c4d05e7f437e65a9a365573ff02 (git) Affected: ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f , < 271683bb2cf32e5126c592b5d5e6a756fa374fd9 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.18 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.259 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.34 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.3 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npage_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring\n\nsyzbot reported a uaf in page_pool_recycle_in_ring:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff8880286045a0 by task syz.0.284/6943\n\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6943 Comm: syz.0.284 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc3-syzkaller-gdfa94ce54f41 #0\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\n print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:489\n kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:602\n lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862\n __raw_spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:165 [inline]\n _raw_spin_unlock_bh+0x1b/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:210\n spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline]\n ptr_ring_produce_bh include/linux/ptr_ring.h:164 [inline]\n page_pool_recycle_in_ring net/core/page_pool.c:707 [inline]\n page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x748/0xb00 net/core/page_pool.c:826\n page_pool_put_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:323 [inline]\n page_pool_put_full_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:353 [inline]\n napi_pp_put_page+0x149/0x2b0 net/core/skbuff.c:1036\n skb_pp_recycle net/core/skbuff.c:1047 [inline]\n skb_free_head net/core/skbuff.c:1094 [inline]\n skb_release_data+0x6c4/0x8a0 net/core/skbuff.c:1125\n skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1190 [inline]\n __kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:1204 [inline]\n sk_skb_reason_drop+0x1c9/0x380 net/core/skbuff.c:1242\n kfree_skb_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:1263 [inline]\n __skb_queue_purge_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:3343 [inline]\n\nroot cause is:\n\npage_pool_recycle_in_ring\n ptr_ring_produce\n spin_lock(\u0026r-\u003eproducer_lock);\n WRITE_ONCE(r-\u003equeue[r-\u003eproducer++], ptr)\n //recycle last page to pool\n\t\t\t\tpage_pool_release\n\t\t\t\t page_pool_scrub\n\t\t\t\t page_pool_empty_ring\n\t\t\t\t ptr_ring_consume\n\t\t\t\t page_pool_return_page //release all page\n\t\t\t\t __page_pool_destroy\n\t\t\t\t free_percpu(pool-\u003erecycle_stats);\n\t\t\t\t free(pool) //free\n\n spin_unlock(\u0026r-\u003eproducer_lock); //pool-\u003ering uaf read\n recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring);\n\npage_pool can be free while page pool recycle the last page in ring.\nAdd producer-lock barrier to page_pool_release to prevent the page\npool from being free before all pages have been recycled.\n\nrecycle_stat_inc() is empty when CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS is not\nenabled, which will trigger Wempty-body build warning. Add definition\nfor pool stat macro to fix warning."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - Triggering requires local operations \u2014 creating/tearing down a page_pool-backed netdev (veth NAPI/GRO toggle, XDP detach, `ip link set down`, channel/ring reconfiguration) while freeing socket-queued skbs via close/purge syscalls. A remote peer can supply the packets that populate the pool but cannot initiate `page_pool_destroy()`, so the attack vector is local.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: they create the page pool, park page_pool-backed skbs on their own socket receive queue, then concurrently destroy the pool and purge the queue from another thread. Per-attempt the window is short, but it is entirely attacker-created and repeatable indefinitely (the `page_pool_release_retry` worker re-opens it every DEFER_TIME), with no condition outside the attacker\u0027s influence.\nPR:L - The producer side (`skb_release_data` \u2192 `napi_pp_put_page` \u2192 `page_pool_recycle_in_ring`) needs no privileges at all \u2014 just an ordinary socket. The destroy side needs only CAP_NET_ADMIN inside a network namespace, which any unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn` to create a veth pair and toggle its NAPI/XDP state; no real root in the init namespace is required.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs the pool teardown and the skb free itself from its own threads. No victim action or cooperating process is needed.\nS:U - The freed object and the corruption both live in the host kernel\u0027s own memory; no VM, hypervisor, or IOMMU boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on a `kzalloc_node()`-allocated `struct page_pool`, which an attacker can groom and replace with a controlled slab object; the stale `pool-\u003erecycle_stats` dereference then reads attacker-influenced kernel memory, and the lockdep `lock_release` path reads the freed `dep_map`, yielding a kernel-memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - The racing producer writes into freed memory unconditionally \u2014 `r-\u003equeue[r-\u003eproducer++]` stores a netmem pointer, `r-\u003eproducer` is incremented, and `spin_unlock_bh()` performs a store-release to the freed lock word at a fixed offset in a reallocated object. With `CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS`, `recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring)` additionally increments through a pointer read out of the reallocated object, giving a near-arbitrary write usable for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The confirmed syzbot outcome is a KASAN slab-use-after-free splat (an oops, and a panic under `panic_on_warn`/`panic_on_oops`); unpoisoned, the stray writes corrupt the slab and the recycled page ends up double-owned, readily producing kernel panics and network-stack breakage."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:48.021Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2c906142293931e33ef4be79ebc36c25c4e21dd"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d69f28ef7cdafdcf37ee310f38b1399e7d05f9a8"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a8c0b61d4cb55c5440583ec9e7f86a730369e32"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4914c0a166540e534a0c1d43affd329d95fb56fd"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e869a85acc2e60dc554579b910826a4919d8cd98"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ab8c0f8905c9c4d05e7f437e65a9a365573ff02"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/271683bb2cf32e5126c592b5d5e6a756fa374fd9"
}
],
"title": "page_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-38129",
"datePublished": "2025-07-03T08:35:33.728Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.987Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:48.021Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-38129",
"date": "2026-09-17",
"epss": "0.00172",
"percentile": "0.06873"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-02-18T01:41:55.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38129",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-38129",
"initial_release_date": "2025-07-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "2",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "page_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38129.json",
"version": "4"
},
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38129\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-07-03T09:15:27.170\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:53.267\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\npage_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring\\n\\nsyzbot reported a uaf in page_pool_recycle_in_ring:\\n\\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862\\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff8880286045a0 by task syz.0.284/6943\\n\\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6943 Comm: syz.0.284 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc3-syzkaller-gdfa94ce54f41 #0\\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\\n dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120\\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\\n print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:489\\n kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:602\\n lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862\\n __raw_spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:165 [inline]\\n _raw_spin_unlock_bh+0x1b/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:210\\n spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline]\\n ptr_ring_produce_bh include/linux/ptr_ring.h:164 [inline]\\n page_pool_recycle_in_ring net/core/page_pool.c:707 [inline]\\n page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x748/0xb00 net/core/page_pool.c:826\\n page_pool_put_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:323 [inline]\\n page_pool_put_full_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:353 [inline]\\n napi_pp_put_page+0x149/0x2b0 net/core/skbuff.c:1036\\n skb_pp_recycle net/core/skbuff.c:1047 [inline]\\n skb_free_head net/core/skbuff.c:1094 [inline]\\n skb_release_data+0x6c4/0x8a0 net/core/skbuff.c:1125\\n skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1190 [inline]\\n __kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:1204 [inline]\\n sk_skb_reason_drop+0x1c9/0x380 net/core/skbuff.c:1242\\n kfree_skb_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:1263 [inline]\\n __skb_queue_purge_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:3343 [inline]\\n\\nroot cause is:\\n\\npage_pool_recycle_in_ring\\n ptr_ring_produce\\n spin_lock(\u0026r-\u003eproducer_lock);\\n WRITE_ONCE(r-\u003equeue[r-\u003eproducer++], ptr)\\n //recycle last page to pool\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tpage_pool_release\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t page_pool_scrub\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t page_pool_empty_ring\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t ptr_ring_consume\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t page_pool_return_page //release all page\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t __page_pool_destroy\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t free_percpu(pool-\u003erecycle_stats);\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t free(pool) //free\\n\\n spin_unlock(\u0026r-\u003eproducer_lock); //pool-\u003ering uaf read\\n recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring);\\n\\npage_pool can be free while page pool recycle the last page in ring.\\nAdd producer-lock barrier to page_pool_release to prevent the page\\npool from being free before all pages have been recycled.\\n\\nrecycle_stat_inc() is empty when CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS is not\\nenabled, which will trigger Wempty-body build warning. Add definition\\nfor pool stat macro to fix warning.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: page_pool: Fix use-after-free en page_pool_recycle_in_ring syzbot inform\u00f3 un uaf en page_pool_recycle_in_ring: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free en lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862 Lectura de tama\u00f1o 8 en la direcci\u00f3n ffff8880286045a0 por la tarea syz.0.284/6943 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6943 Comm: syz.0.284 No contaminado 6.13.0-rc3-syzkaller-gdfa94ce54f41 #0 Nombre del hardware: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 13/09/2024 Rastreo de llamadas: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:489 kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:602 lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862 __raw_spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:165 [inline] _raw_spin_unlock_bh+0x1b/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:210 spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline] ptr_ring_produce_bh include/linux/ptr_ring.h:164 [inline] page_pool_recycle_in_ring net/core/page_pool.c:707 [inline] page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x748/0xb00 net/core/page_pool.c:826 page_pool_put_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:323 [inline] page_pool_put_full_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:353 [inline] napi_pp_put_page+0x149/0x2b0 net/core/skbuff.c:1036 skb_pp_recycle net/core/skbuff.c:1047 [inline] skb_free_head net/core/skbuff.c:1094 [inline] skb_release_data+0x6c4/0x8a0 net/core/skbuff.c:1125 skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1190 [inline] __kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:1204 [inline] sk_skb_reason_drop+0x1c9/0x380 net/core/skbuff.c:1242 kfree_skb_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:1263 [inline] __skb_queue_purge_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:3343 [inline] root cause is: page_pool_recycle_in_ring ptr_ring_produce spin_lock(\u0026amp;r-\u0026gt;producer_lock); WRITE_ONCE(r-\u0026gt;queue[r-\u0026gt;producer++], ptr) //recycle last page to pool page_pool_release page_pool_scrub page_pool_empty_ring ptr_ring_consume page_pool_return_page //release all page __page_pool_destroy free_percpu(pool-\u0026gt;recycle_stats); free(pool) //free spin_unlock(\u0026amp;r-\u0026gt;producer_lock); //pool-\u0026gt;ring uaf read recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring); page_pool puede estar libre mientras el grupo de p\u00e1ginas recicle la \u00faltima p\u00e1gina del anillo. Se ha a\u00f1adido una barrera de bloqueo del productor a page_pool_release para evitar que el grupo de p\u00e1ginas est\u00e9 libre antes de que se hayan reciclado todas las p\u00e1ginas. recycle_stat_inc() est\u00e1 vac\u00edo cuando CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS no est\u00e1 habilitado, lo que activar\u00e1 la advertencia de compilaci\u00f3n Wempty-body. Se ha a\u00f1adido una definici\u00f3n para la macro de estad\u00edsticas del grupo para corregir la advertencia.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/core/page_pool.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\",\"lessThan\":\"c2c906142293931e33ef4be79ebc36c25c4e21dd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\",\"lessThan\":\"d69f28ef7cdafdcf37ee310f38b1399e7d05f9a8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\",\"lessThan\":\"1a8c0b61d4cb55c5440583ec9e7f86a730369e32\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\",\"lessThan\":\"4914c0a166540e534a0c1d43affd329d95fb56fd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\",\"lessThan\":\"e869a85acc2e60dc554579b910826a4919d8cd98\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\",\"lessThan\":\"4ab8c0f8905c9c4d05e7f437e65a9a365573ff02\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\",\"lessThan\":\"271683bb2cf32e5126c592b5d5e6a756fa374fd9\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/core/page_pool.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.18\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.18\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.259\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.198\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.160\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.120\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.34\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-10T20:41:54.789942Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38129\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"total\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.18\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.34\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D52CF84C-B143-4A91-B892-0DE244D504A7\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0541C761-BD5E-4C1A-8432-83B375D7EB92\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a8c0b61d4cb55c5440583ec9e7f86a730369e32\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/271683bb2cf32e5126c592b5d5e6a756fa374fd9\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4914c0a166540e534a0c1d43affd329d95fb56fd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ab8c0f8905c9c4d05e7f437e65a9a365573ff02\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2c906142293931e33ef4be79ebc36c25c4e21dd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d69f28ef7cdafdcf37ee310f38b1399e7d05f9a8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e869a85acc2e60dc554579b910826a4919d8cd98\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:17:32+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38129",
"id": "CVE-2025-38129",
"initial_release_date": "2025-07-03T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "2002",
"product_status:known_affected": "98",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Use-after-free vulnerability in page_pool_recycle_in_ring can lead to arbitrary code execution",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38129.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-38129\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-10T20:41:54.789942Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-11T17:38:51.673Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"page_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"AV:L - Triggering requires local operations \\u2014 creating/tearing down a page_pool-backed netdev (veth NAPI/GRO toggle, XDP detach, `ip link set down`, channel/ring reconfiguration) while freeing socket-queued skbs via close/purge syscalls. A remote peer can supply the packets that populate the pool but cannot initiate `page_pool_destroy()`, so the attack vector is local.\\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: they create the page pool, park page_pool-backed skbs on their own socket receive queue, then concurrently destroy the pool and purge the queue from another thread. Per-attempt the window is short, but it is entirely attacker-created and repeatable indefinitely (the `page_pool_release_retry` worker re-opens it every DEFER_TIME), with no condition outside the attacker\u0027s influence.\\nPR:L - The producer side (`skb_release_data` \\u2192 `napi_pp_put_page` \\u2192 `page_pool_recycle_in_ring`) needs no privileges at all \\u2014 just an ordinary socket. The destroy side needs only CAP_NET_ADMIN inside a network namespace, which any unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn` to create a veth pair and toggle its NAPI/XDP state; no real root in the init namespace is required.\\nUI:N - The attacking process performs the pool teardown and the skb free itself from its own threads. No victim action or cooperating process is needed.\\nS:U - The freed object and the corruption both live in the host kernel\u0027s own memory; no VM, hypervisor, or IOMMU boundary is crossed.\\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on a `kzalloc_node()`-allocated `struct page_pool`, which an attacker can groom and replace with a controlled slab object; the stale `pool-\u003erecycle_stats` dereference then reads attacker-influenced kernel memory, and the lockdep `lock_release` path reads the freed `dep_map`, yielding a kernel-memory disclosure primitive.\\nI:H - The racing producer writes into freed memory unconditionally \\u2014 `r-\u003equeue[r-\u003eproducer++]` stores a netmem pointer, `r-\u003eproducer` is incremented, and `spin_unlock_bh()` performs a store-release to the freed lock word at a fixed offset in a reallocated object. With `CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS`, `recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring)` additionally increments through a pointer read out of the reallocated object, giving a near-arbitrary write usable for control-flow hijack.\\nA:H - The confirmed syzbot outcome is a KASAN slab-use-after-free splat (an oops, and a panic under `panic_on_warn`/`panic_on_oops`); unpoisoned, the stray writes corrupt the slab and the recycled page ends up double-owned, readily producing kernel panics and network-stack breakage.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\", \"lessThan\": \"c2c906142293931e33ef4be79ebc36c25c4e21dd\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\", \"lessThan\": \"d69f28ef7cdafdcf37ee310f38b1399e7d05f9a8\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\", \"lessThan\": \"1a8c0b61d4cb55c5440583ec9e7f86a730369e32\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\", \"lessThan\": \"4914c0a166540e534a0c1d43affd329d95fb56fd\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\", \"lessThan\": \"e869a85acc2e60dc554579b910826a4919d8cd98\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\", \"lessThan\": \"4ab8c0f8905c9c4d05e7f437e65a9a365573ff02\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ff7d6b27f894f1469dc51ccb828b7363ccd9799f\", \"lessThan\": \"271683bb2cf32e5126c592b5d5e6a756fa374fd9\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/core/page_pool.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.18\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.18\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.259\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.198\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.160\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.120\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.34\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.15.3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.16\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/core/page_pool.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2c906142293931e33ef4be79ebc36c25c4e21dd\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d69f28ef7cdafdcf37ee310f38b1399e7d05f9a8\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a8c0b61d4cb55c5440583ec9e7f86a730369e32\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4914c0a166540e534a0c1d43affd329d95fb56fd\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e869a85acc2e60dc554579b910826a4919d8cd98\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ab8c0f8905c9c4d05e7f437e65a9a365573ff02\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/271683bb2cf32e5126c592b5d5e6a756fa374fd9\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\npage_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring\\n\\nsyzbot reported a uaf in page_pool_recycle_in_ring:\\n\\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862\\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff8880286045a0 by task syz.0.284/6943\\n\\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6943 Comm: syz.0.284 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc3-syzkaller-gdfa94ce54f41 #0\\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\\n dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120\\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\\n print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:489\\n kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:602\\n lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862\\n __raw_spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:165 [inline]\\n _raw_spin_unlock_bh+0x1b/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:210\\n spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline]\\n ptr_ring_produce_bh include/linux/ptr_ring.h:164 [inline]\\n page_pool_recycle_in_ring net/core/page_pool.c:707 [inline]\\n page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x748/0xb00 net/core/page_pool.c:826\\n page_pool_put_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:323 [inline]\\n page_pool_put_full_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:353 [inline]\\n napi_pp_put_page+0x149/0x2b0 net/core/skbuff.c:1036\\n skb_pp_recycle net/core/skbuff.c:1047 [inline]\\n skb_free_head net/core/skbuff.c:1094 [inline]\\n skb_release_data+0x6c4/0x8a0 net/core/skbuff.c:1125\\n skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1190 [inline]\\n __kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:1204 [inline]\\n sk_skb_reason_drop+0x1c9/0x380 net/core/skbuff.c:1242\\n kfree_skb_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:1263 [inline]\\n __skb_queue_purge_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:3343 [inline]\\n\\nroot cause is:\\n\\npage_pool_recycle_in_ring\\n ptr_ring_produce\\n spin_lock(\u0026r-\u003eproducer_lock);\\n WRITE_ONCE(r-\u003equeue[r-\u003eproducer++], ptr)\\n //recycle last page to pool\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tpage_pool_release\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t page_pool_scrub\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t page_pool_empty_ring\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t ptr_ring_consume\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t page_pool_return_page //release all page\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t __page_pool_destroy\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t free_percpu(pool-\u003erecycle_stats);\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t free(pool) //free\\n\\n spin_unlock(\u0026r-\u003eproducer_lock); //pool-\u003ering uaf read\\n recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring);\\n\\npage_pool can be free while page pool recycle the last page in ring.\\nAdd producer-lock barrier to page_pool_release to prevent the page\\npool from being free before all pages have been recycled.\\n\\nrecycle_stat_inc() is empty when CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS is not\\nenabled, which will trigger Wempty-body build warning. Add definition\\nfor pool stat macro to fix warning.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.259\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.198\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.160\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.120\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.34\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.15.3\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.16\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:59:48.021Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-38129\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:59:48.021Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T04:51:23.987Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-07-03T08:35:33.728Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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