CVE-2025-37797 (GCVE-0-2025-37797)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-02 14:16 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:57
VLAI
Title
net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class handling
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class handling This patch fixes a Use-After-Free vulnerability in the HFSC qdisc class handling. The issue occurs due to a time-of-check/time-of-use condition in hfsc_change_class() when working with certain child qdiscs like netem or codel. The vulnerability works as follows: 1. hfsc_change_class() checks if a class has packets (q.qlen != 0) 2. It then calls qdisc_peek_len(), which for certain qdiscs (e.g., codel, netem) might drop packets and empty the queue 3. The code continues assuming the queue is still non-empty, adding the class to vttree 4. This breaks HFSC scheduler assumptions that only non-empty classes are in vttree 5. Later, when the class is destroyed, this can lead to a Use-After-Free The fix adds a second queue length check after qdisc_peek_len() to verify the queue wasn't emptied.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:40 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < 28b09a067831f7317c3841812276022d6c940677 (git)
Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < 39b9095dd3b55d9b2743df038c32138efa34a9de (git)
Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < fcc8ede663569c704fb00a702973bd6c00373283 (git)
Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < 20d584a33e480ae80d105f43e0e7b56784da41b9 (git)
Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < 3aa852e3605000d5c47035c3fc3a986d14ccfa9f (git)
Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < 86cd4641c713455a4f1c8e54c370c598c2b1cee0 (git)
Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < bb583c88d23b72d8d16453d24856c99bd93dadf5 (git)
Affected: 21f4d5cc25ec0e6e8eb8420dd2c399e6d2fc7d14 , < 3df275ef0a6ae181e8428a6589ef5d5231e58b5c (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.14
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.14 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.293 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.237 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.181 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.136 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.89 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.26 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.5 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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                  "value": "AV:L - The entire attack sequence (create hfsc qdisc, attach a codel/netem child, `tc class change`, then `tc class del`) is driven through rtnetlink RTM_NEWTCLASS/RTM_DELTCLASS messages, which require local system access. Per kernel CNA guidance, tc/netlink qdisc bugs are Local.\nAC:L - This is a deterministic time-of-check/time-of-use flaw inside a single netlink operation, not a thread race \u2014 the attacker picks the child qdisc (codel/netem) and its parameters so the peek is guaranteed to drop the packet and empty the queue. No condition outside the attacker\u0027s control is involved, and a reliable reproducer existed.\nPR:L - The tc class paths only check `netlink_ns_capable(skb, net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which an unprivileged user satisfies inside a new user+net namespace (`unshare -Urn`), where they can create a dummy/veth device, build the hfsc hierarchy and generate the traffic. Per guidance, tc/qdisc reachable via user namespaces is Low, not High.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 qdisc/class configuration, packet generation, class change and class deletion \u2014 with no action by any other user. Subsequent dequeue on the attacker\u0027s own device triggers the freed-object access.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to the kernel\u0027s own memory and privilege domain; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary. Standard kernel-local privilege escalation is Unchanged.\nC:H - The freed `hfsc_class` remains linked in the parent\u0027s vt_tree/eltree, so `vttree_firstfit()`/`eltree_get_mindl()` read `cl_f`, `cl_vt`, `cl_parent` and `cl-\u003eqdisc` out of reclaimed slab memory, giving an attacker who sprays the slot a controlled read primitive and kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The dangling rb_node yields `rb_erase()`/`rb_insert_color()` pointer writes plus the direct `cl-\u003ecl_parent-\u003ecl_cvtmin = cl-\u003ecl_vt` write through freed memory, and `qdisc_dequeue_peeked()` makes an indirect call through `cl-\u003eqdisc-\u003eops-\u003edequeue` read from the freed object \u2014 a full write/control-flow-hijack primitive for privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation, traversing and erasing rb-tree nodes inside a kfree()d `hfsc_class` reliably corrupts the scheduler tree and panics or oopses the kernel, and the attacker can repeat it at will."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:36.042Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28b09a067831f7317c3841812276022d6c940677"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39b9095dd3b55d9b2743df038c32138efa34a9de"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fcc8ede663569c704fb00a702973bd6c00373283"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20d584a33e480ae80d105f43e0e7b56784da41b9"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3aa852e3605000d5c47035c3fc3a986d14ccfa9f"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86cd4641c713455a4f1c8e54c370c598c2b1cee0"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb583c88d23b72d8d16453d24856c99bd93dadf5"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3df275ef0a6ae181e8428a6589ef5d5231e58b5c"
            }
          ],
          "title": "net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class handling",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-37797",
        "datePublished": "2025-05-02T14:16:01.905Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.941Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:36.042Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.