Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-34281 (GCVE-0-2025-34281)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-17 18:33 – Updated: 2026-02-10 15:32

Title

Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in ThingsBoard

Summary

ThingsBoard in versions prior to v4.2.1 allows an authenticated user to upload malicious SVG images via the "Image Gallery", leading to a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. The exploit can be triggered when any user accesses the public API endpoint of the malicious SVG images, or if the malicious images are embedded in an `iframe` element, during a widget creation, deployed to any page of the platform (e.g., dashboards), and accessed during normal operations. The vulnerability resides in the `ImageController`, which fails to restrict the execution of JavaScript code when an image is loaded by the user's browser. This vulnerability can lead to the execution of malicious code in the context of other users' sessions, potentially compromising their accounts and allowing unauthorized actions.

Severity

6.2 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-17 18:58 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://advisory.checkmarx.net/advisory/CVE-2025-34281/	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/commit…	patch
https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/releas…	release-notes

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
thingsboard	thingsboard	Affected: 0 , < 4.2.1 (git) cpe:2.3:a:thingsboard:thingsboard::::::::

Credits

João Oliveira from Checkmarx Security Research Group

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-34281

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-17 19:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 16:10

Severity

5.4 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

URL	Tags
596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647	https://advisory.checkmarx.net/advisory/CVE-2025-34281/
596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647	https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/commit/b2ae6f92d12206ea185a2e882945a6b69234bf03
596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647	https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/releases/tag/v4.2.1	Release Notes

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	thingsboard	thingsboard	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "thingsboard",
          "repo": "https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard",
          "vendor": "thingsboard",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.2.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:thingsboard:thingsboard:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "DCE4C513-C695-4227-B5E7-BBD2EC014DF8",
              "versionEndExcluding": "4.2.1",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "ThingsBoard in versions prior to v4.2.1 allows an authenticated user to upload malicious SVG images via the \"Image Gallery\", leading to a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. The exploit can be triggered when any user accesses the public API endpoint of the malicious SVG images, or if the malicious images are embedded in an `iframe` element, during a widget creation, deployed to any page of the platform (e.g., dashboards), and accessed during normal operations. The vulnerability resides in the `ImageController`, which fails to restrict the execution of JavaScript code when an image is loaded by the user\u0027s browser. This vulnerability can lead to the execution of malicious code in the context of other users\u0027 sessions, potentially compromising their accounts and allowing unauthorized actions."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "ThingsBoard en versiones anteriores a v4.2.1 permite a un usuario autenticado cargar im\u00e1genes SVG maliciosas a trav\u00e9s de la \u0027Galer\u00eda de im\u00e1genes\u0027, lo que lleva a una vulnerabilidad de Cross-Site Scripting Almacenado (XSS). El exploit puede activarse cuando cualquier usuario accede al endpoint de la API p\u00fablica de las im\u00e1genes SVG maliciosas, o si las im\u00e1genes maliciosas se incrustan en un elemento \u0027iframe\u0027, durante la creaci\u00f3n de un widget, desplegado en cualquier p\u00e1gina de la plataforma (p. ej., paneles de control), y se accede a ellas durante las operaciones normales. La vulnerabilidad reside en el \u0027ImageController\u0027, que no restringe la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo JavaScript cuando una imagen es cargada por el navegador del usuario. Esta vulnerabilidad puede llevar a la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo malicioso en el contexto de las sesiones de otros usuarios, comprometiendo potencialmente sus cuentas y permitiendo acciones no autorizadas."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-34281",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T16:10:00.260",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 5.4,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.3,
        "impactScore": 2.7,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 6.2,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
          "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-34281",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-10-17T18:58:41.437131Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-10-17T19:15:37.197",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647",
      "url": "https://advisory.checkmarx.net/advisory/CVE-2025-34281/"
    },
    {
      "source": "596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647",
      "url": "https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/commit/b2ae6f92d12206ea185a2e882945a6b69234bf03"
    },
    {
      "source": "596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/releases/tag/v4.2.1"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-79"
        }
      ],
      "source": "596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPQ4-R87V-G246

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-10 21:33

Summary

ThingsBoard vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the dashboard's Image Upload Gallery feature

Details

ThingsBoard versions < 4.2.1 contain a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the dashboard's Image Upload Gallery feature. An attacker can upload an SVG file containing malicious JavaScript, which may be executed when the file is rendered in the UI. This issue results from insufficient sanitization and improper content-type validation of uploaded SVG files.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

5.1 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.thingsboard:application"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34281"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-10T21:33:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-17T19:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ThingsBoard versions \u003c 4.2.1 contain a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the dashboard\u0027s Image Upload Gallery feature. An attacker can upload an SVG file containing malicious JavaScript, which may be executed when the file is rendered in the UI. This issue results from insufficient sanitization and improper content-type validation of uploaded SVG files.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpq4-r87v-g246",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T21:33:09Z",
  "published": "2025-10-17T21:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34281"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/pull/13927"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/commit/b2ae6f92d12206ea185a2e882945a6b69234bf03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://advisory.checkmarx.net/advisory/CVE-2025-3261"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://advisory.checkmarx.net/advisory/CVE-2025-34281"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard/releases/tag/v4.2.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/thingsboard-svg-image-stored-xss"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ThingsBoard vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the dashboard\u0027s Image Upload Gallery feature"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-34281 (GCVE-0-2025-34281)

FKIE_CVE-2025-34281

GHSA-FPQ4-R87V-G246

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Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour