CVE-2025-27233 (GCVE-0-2025-27233)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-12 10:32 – Updated: 2025-09-12 11:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin argument injection in Zabbix 6.0 and later.
Summary
Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. This can be used to leak the NTLMv2 hash from a Windows system.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-12 11:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-27233",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-12T11:57:58.701448Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T11:58:28.618Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"modules": [
"Agent2 plugin"
],
"product": "Zabbix",
"repo": "https://git.zabbix.com/",
"vendor": "Zabbix",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "6.0.40",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.0.39",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "7.0.11",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.10",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "7.2.5",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.0",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAn attacker could request Agent 2 to monitor a metric with malicious arguments in the smart.disk.get metric.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An attacker could request Agent 2 to monitor a metric with malicious arguments in the smart.disk.get metric."
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Zabbix wants to thank kelsier for submitting this report on the HackerOne bug bounty platform."
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eZabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. This can be used to leak the NTLMv2 hash from a Windows system.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. This can be used to leak the NTLMv2 hash from a Windows system."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-88",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 5.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T10:32:36.174Z",
"orgId": "72de3e22-0555-4a0d-ae81-9249e0f0a1e8",
"shortName": "Zabbix"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-26987"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eUpdate the affected components to their respective fixed versions.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Update the affected components to their respective fixed versions."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin argument injection in Zabbix 6.0 and later.",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eRemove smartctl or use strict item key parameter validation with AllowKey/DenyKey.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Remove smartctl or use strict item key parameter validation with AllowKey/DenyKey."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "72de3e22-0555-4a0d-ae81-9249e0f0a1e8",
"assignerShortName": "Zabbix",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-27233",
"datePublished": "2025-09-12T10:32:36.174Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-02-20T11:40:38.480Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T11:58:28.618Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-27233",
"date": "2026-10-26",
"epss": "0.0017",
"percentile": "0.0635"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"modules": [
"Agent2 plugin"
],
"product": "Zabbix",
"repo": "https://git.zabbix.com/",
"vendor": "Zabbix",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "6.0.40",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.0.39",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "7.0.11",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.10",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "7.2.5",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.0",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security@zabbix.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. This can be used to leak the NTLMv2 hash from a Windows system."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "El plugin smartctl de Zabbix Agent 2 no sanea adecuadamente los par\u00e1metros smart.disk.get, permitiendo a un atacante inyectar argumentos inesperados en el comando smartctl. Esto puede usarse para filtrar el hash NTLMv2 de un sistema Windows."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-27233",
"lastModified": "2026-10-19T17:10:00.173",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 5.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "security@zabbix.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-27233",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-12T11:57:58.701448Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-09-12T11:15:31.237",
"references": [
{
"source": "security@zabbix.com",
"url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-26987"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security@zabbix.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-77"
}
],
"source": "security@zabbix.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-09-14T11:22:28+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-27233",
"id": "CVE-2025-27233",
"initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin argument injection in Zabbix 6.0 and later.",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-27233.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-27233",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-12T11:57:58.701448Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T11:58:23.631Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"modules": [
"Agent2 plugin"
],
"product": "Zabbix",
"repo": "https://git.zabbix.com/",
"vendor": "Zabbix",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "6.0.40",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.0.39",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "7.0.11",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.10",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "7.2.5",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.0",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAn attacker could request Agent 2 to monitor a metric with malicious arguments in the smart.disk.get metric.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An attacker could request Agent 2 to monitor a metric with malicious arguments in the smart.disk.get metric."
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Zabbix wants to thank kelsier for submitting this report on the HackerOne bug bounty platform."
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eZabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. This can be used to leak the NTLMv2 hash from a Windows system.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. This can be used to leak the NTLMv2 hash from a Windows system."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-88",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 5.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T10:32:36.174Z",
"orgId": "72de3e22-0555-4a0d-ae81-9249e0f0a1e8",
"shortName": "Zabbix"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-26987"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eUpdate the affected components to their respective fixed versions.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Update the affected components to their respective fixed versions."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin argument injection in Zabbix 6.0 and later.",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eRemove smartctl or use strict item key parameter validation with AllowKey/DenyKey.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Remove smartctl or use strict item key parameter validation with AllowKey/DenyKey."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "72de3e22-0555-4a0d-ae81-9249e0f0a1e8",
"assignerShortName": "Zabbix",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-27233",
"datePublished": "2025-09-12T10:32:36.174Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-02-20T11:40:38.480Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T11:58:28.618Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.