GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-23166 (GCVE-0-2025-23166)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-19 01:25 – Updated: 2025-05-28 00:07
VLAI
Summary
The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-19 14:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
nodejs node Affected: 4.0 , < 4.* (semver)
Affected: 5.0 , < 5.* (semver)
Affected: 6.0 , < 6.* (semver)
Affected: 7.0 , < 7.* (semver)
Affected: 8.0 , < 8.* (semver)
Affected: 9.0 , < 9.* (semver)
Affected: 10.0 , < 10.* (semver)
Affected: 11.0 , < 11.* (semver)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.* (semver)
Affected: 13.0 , < 13.* (semver)
Affected: 14.0 , < 14.* (semver)
Affected: 15.0 , < 15.* (semver)
Affected: 16.0 , < 16.* (semver)
Affected: 17.0 , < 17.* (semver)
Affected: 18.0 , < 18.* (semver)
Affected: 19.0 , < 19.* (semver)
Affected: 20.0 , ≤ 20.19.1 (semver)
Affected: 22.0 , ≤ 22.15.0 (semver)
Affected: 23.0 , ≤ 23.11.0 (semver)
Affected: 24.0 , ≤ 24.0.1 (semver)
Affected: 21.0 , < 21.* (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-23166",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-05-19T14:11:17.877460Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-248",
                "description": "CWE-248 Uncaught Exception",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-05-19T14:13:24.973Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "node",
          "vendor": "nodejs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "8.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "10.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "11.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "12.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "13.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "13.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "14.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "14.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "15.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "15.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "16.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "16.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "17.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "17.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "18.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "19.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "19.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "20.19.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "20.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "22.15.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "22.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "23.11.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "23.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "24.0.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "24.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "21.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "21.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z",
        "orgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
        "shortName": "hackerone"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/may-2025-security-releases"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
    "assignerShortName": "hackerone",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-23166",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-19T01:25:08.462Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-01-12T01:00:00.648Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "date": "2026-09-14",
      "epss": "0.00812",
      "percentile": "0.5498"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-02-21T02:59:41.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-23166",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-23166.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-23166\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"published\":\"2025-05-19T02:15:17.470\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:52:18.473\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"El m\u00e9todo SignTraits::DeriveBits() de C++ puede llamar incorrectamente a ThrowException() bas\u00e1ndose en las entradas proporcionadas por el usuario al ejecutarse en segundo plano, lo que provoca el bloqueo del proceso de Node.js. Estas operaciones criptogr\u00e1ficas se aplican com\u00fanmente a entradas no confiables. Por lo tanto, este mecanismo podr\u00eda permitir que un adversario bloquee remotamente un entorno de ejecuci\u00f3n de Node.js.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"nodejs\",\"product\":\"node\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6.0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0\",\"lessThan\":\"7.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"8.0\",\"lessThan\":\"8.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9.0\",\"lessThan\":\"9.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"10.0\",\"lessThan\":\"10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11.0\",\"lessThan\":\"11.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"12.0\",\"lessThan\":\"12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"13.0\",\"lessThan\":\"13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"14.0\",\"lessThan\":\"14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"15.0\",\"lessThan\":\"15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16.0\",\"lessThan\":\"16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"17.0\",\"lessThan\":\"17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"18.0\",\"lessThan\":\"18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"19.0\",\"lessThan\":\"19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"20.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"20.19.1\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"22.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"22.15.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"23.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"23.11.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"24.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"24.0.1\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"21.0\",\"lessThan\":\"21.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV30\":[{\"source\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2025-05-19T14:11:17.877460Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-23166\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"yes\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-248\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/may-2025-security-releases\",\"source\":\"support@hackerone.com\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-06T13:19:04+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "id": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-19T01:25:08.462000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "217",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "nodejs: Remote Crash via SignTraits::DeriveBits() in Node.js",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-23166.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-23166\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-05-19T14:11:17.877460Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-248\", \"description\": \"CWE-248 Uncaught Exception\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-19T14:12:48.368Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_0\": {\"version\": \"3.0\", \"baseScore\": 7.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"nodejs\", \"product\": \"node\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.0\", \"lessThan\": \"6.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7.0\", \"lessThan\": \"7.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.0\", \"lessThan\": \"8.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9.0\", \"lessThan\": \"9.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"10.0\", \"lessThan\": \"10.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"11.0\", \"lessThan\": \"11.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"12.0\", \"lessThan\": \"12.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"13.0\", \"lessThan\": \"13.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"14.0\", \"lessThan\": \"14.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"15.0\", \"lessThan\": \"15.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"16.0\", \"lessThan\": \"16.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"17.0\", \"lessThan\": \"17.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"18.0\", \"lessThan\": \"18.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"19.0\", \"lessThan\": \"19.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"20.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"20.19.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"22.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"22.15.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"23.11.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"24.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"24.0.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"21.0\", \"lessThan\": \"21.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/may-2025-security-releases\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1\", \"shortName\": \"hackerone\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-23166\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-01-12T01:00:00.648Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-05-19T01:25:08.462Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"hackerone\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.