Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-22124 (GCVE-0-2025-22124)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:13 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56

Title

md/md-bitmap: fix wrong bitmap_limit for clustermd when write sb

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/md-bitmap: fix wrong bitmap_limit for clustermd when write sb In clustermd, separate write-intent-bitmaps are used for each cluster node: 0 4k 8k 12k ------------------------------------------------------------------- | idle | md super | bm super [0] + bits | | bm bits[0, contd] | bm super[1] + bits | bm bits[1, contd] | | bm super[2] + bits | bm bits [2, contd] | bm super[3] + bits | | bm bits [3, contd] | | | So in node 1, pg_index in __write_sb_page() could equal to bitmap->storage.file_pages. Then bitmap_limit will be calculated to 0. md_super_write() will be called with 0 size. That means the first 4k sb area of node 1 will never be updated through filemap_write_page(). This bug causes hang of mdadm/clustermd_tests/01r1_Grow_resize. Here use (pg_index % bitmap->storage.file_pages) to make calculation of bitmap_limit correct.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60196f92bbc7901eb…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc3a9788961631359…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6130825f34d41718c…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Linux	Linux	Affected: ab99a87542f194f28e2364a42afbf9fb48b1c724 , < 60196f92bbc7901eb5cfa5d456651b87ea50a4a3 (git) Affected: ab99a87542f194f28e2364a42afbf9fb48b1c724 , < bc3a9788961631359527763d7e1fcf26554c7cb1 (git) Affected: ab99a87542f194f28e2364a42afbf9fb48b1c724 , < 6130825f34d41718c98a9b1504a79a23e379701e (git) Affected: 655cc01889fa9b65441922565cddee64af49e6d6 (git) Affected: 5600d6013c634c2b6b6c6c55c8ecb50c3a6211f2 (git) Affected: 6.6.44 , < 6.7 (semver) Affected: 6.10.3 , < 6.11 (semver)	guessed
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.11 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.11 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.46 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)	guessed

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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmd/md-bitmap: fix wrong bitmap_limit for clustermd when write sb\n\nIn clustermd, separate write-intent-bitmaps are used for each cluster\nnode:\n\n0                    4k                     8k                    12k\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\n| idle                | md super            | bm super [0] + bits |\n| bm bits[0, contd]   | bm super[1] + bits  | bm bits[1, contd]   |\n| bm super[2] + bits  | bm bits [2, contd]  | bm super[3] + bits  |\n| bm bits [3, contd]  |                     |                     |\n\nSo in node 1, pg_index in __write_sb_page() could equal to\nbitmap-\u003estorage.file_pages. Then bitmap_limit will be calculated to\n0. md_super_write() will be called with 0 size.\nThat means the first 4k sb area of node 1 will never be updated\nthrough filemap_write_page().\nThis bug causes hang of mdadm/clustermd_tests/01r1_Grow_resize.\n\nHere use (pg_index % bitmap-\u003estorage.file_pages) to make calculation\nof bitmap_limit correct."
        }
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is in the md bitmap writeback path of a local block device stack, reached via I/O to a clustered md array on the local system. No remote attacker input reaches `__write_sb_page()` directly.\nAC:L - On a clustered md array the miscalculation is deterministic for every node with cluster_slot \u003e= 1 \u2014 no race, no memory-layout dependency, and it fires on every bitmap superblock/page writeback driven by ordinary I/O.\nPR:L - The buggy path carries no capability check; an unprivileged local user writing to a filesystem backed by the clustered md array dirties bitmap pages and triggers the writeback. Array configuration is a deployment precondition, not a privilege the attacker must hold.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 the flawed write occurs automatically during normal bitmap superblock updates and daemon writeback.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds read, on-disk metadata corruption, and hang all stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - With the clamp defeated by the unsigned underflow, up to `bdev_io_opt()` bytes (commonly 256KB) are read from a single bitmap page, leaking ~252KB of adjacent kernel memory into the RAID member\u0027s on-disk metadata area \u2014 and over the network for nvme-tcp backing devices \u2014 where it is recoverable by anyone able to read the raw device.\nI:H - The oversized write overruns the node\u0027s own bitmap slot and overwrites neighbouring cluster nodes\u0027 on-disk write-intent bitmaps with arbitrary kernel memory, while the zero-length-write variant leaves the bitmap superblock permanently stale so post-crash resync skips genuinely dirty regions, silently diverging the mirrors.\nA:H - The commit documents a hang of the cluster grow/resize path, the original bug this regresses caused `mdadm` to hang on nvme-tcp via `sendpage_ok()` failure, and the out-of-bounds page walk can touch unmapped memory and oops."
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    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.823Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:56:57.558Z",
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      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-22124",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-11-05T01:01:50.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "17",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "md/md-bitmap: fix wrong bitmap_limit for clustermd when write sb",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-22124.json",
      "version": "18"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-22124\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-04-16T15:16:06.540\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:16.070\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nmd/md-bitmap: fix wrong bitmap_limit for clustermd when write sb\\n\\nIn clustermd, separate write-intent-bitmaps are used for each cluster\\nnode:\\n\\n0                    4k                     8k                    12k\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\\n| idle                | md super            | bm super [0] + bits |\\n| bm bits[0, contd]   | bm super[1] + bits  | bm bits[1, contd]   |\\n| bm super[2] + bits  | bm bits [2, contd]  | bm super[3] + bits  |\\n| bm bits [3, contd]  |                     |                     |\\n\\nSo in node 1, pg_index in __write_sb_page() could equal to\\nbitmap-\u003estorage.file_pages. Then bitmap_limit will be calculated to\\n0. md_super_write() will be called with 0 size.\\nThat means the first 4k sb area of node 1 will never be updated\\nthrough filemap_write_page().\\nThis bug causes hang of mdadm/clustermd_tests/01r1_Grow_resize.\\n\\nHere use (pg_index % bitmap-\u003estorage.file_pages) to make calculation\\nof bitmap_limit correct.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: md/md-bitmap: corrige bitmap_limit incorrecto para clustermd al escribir sb En clustermd, se usan mapas de bits de intenci\u00f3n de escritura separados para cada nodo del cl\u00faster: 0 4k 8k 12k ------------------------------------------------------------------- | idle | md super | bm super [0] + bits | | bm bits[0, contd] | bm super[1] + bits | bm bits[1, contd] | | bm super[2] + bits | bm bits [2, contd] | bm super[3] + bits | | bm bits [3, contd] | | | Entonces, en el nodo 1, pg_index en __write_sb_page() podr\u00eda ser igual a bitmap-\u0026gt;storage.file_pages. Entonces, bitmap_limit se calcular\u00e1 como 0. md_super_write() se llamar\u00e1 con un tama\u00f1o de 0. Esto significa que la primera \u00e1rea de 4k del nodo 1 nunca se actualizar\u00e1 mediante filemap_write_page(). Este error provoca el bloqueo de mdadm/clustermd_tests/01r1_Grow_resize. En este caso, utilice (pg_index % bitmap-\u0026gt;storage.file_pages) para que el c\u00e1lculo de bitmap_limit sea correcto.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/md/md-bitmap.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"ab99a87542f194f28e2364a42afbf9fb48b1c724\",\"lessThan\":\"60196f92bbc7901eb5cfa5d456651b87ea50a4a3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ab99a87542f194f28e2364a42afbf9fb48b1c724\",\"lessThan\":\"bc3a9788961631359527763d7e1fcf26554c7cb1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ab99a87542f194f28e2364a42afbf9fb48b1c724\",\"lessThan\":\"6130825f34d41718c98a9b1504a79a23e379701e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"655cc01889fa9b65441922565cddee64af49e6d6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5600d6013c634c2b6b6c6c55c8ecb50c3a6211f2\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.44\",\"lessThan\":\"6.7\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6.10.3\",\"lessThan\":\"6.11\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/md/md-bitmap.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.11\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.11\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.46\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.6.44\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.7\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7D3276FE-8702-415A-8C4D-382A8F3F8D3A\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.10.3\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.46\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"EEBB6B04-47A8-4B7D-BC19-E09F6715D820\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.14.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"633A38C1-75C8-452D-8F1C-DA0269FD2687\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60196f92bbc7901eb5cfa5d456651b87ea50a4a3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6130825f34d41718c98a9b1504a79a23e379701e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc3a9788961631359527763d7e1fcf26554c7cb1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
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      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:36:16+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-22124",
      "id": "CVE-2025-22124",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-16T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: md/md-bitmap: fix wrong bitmap_limit for clustermd when write sb",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-22124.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-22124 (GCVE-0-2025-22124)

WID-SEC-W-2025-0844

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature