CVE-2025-21876 (GCVE-0-2025-21876)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-27 14:57 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:55
VLAI
Title
iommu/vt-d: Fix suspicious RCU usage
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Fix suspicious RCU usage Commit <d74169ceb0d2> ("iommu/vt-d: Allocate DMAR fault interrupts locally") moved the call to enable_drhd_fault_handling() to a code path that does not hold any lock while traversing the drhd list. Fix it by ensuring the dmar_global_lock lock is held when traversing the drhd list. Without this fix, the following warning is triggered: ============================= WARNING: suspicious RCU usage 6.14.0-rc3 #55 Not tainted ----------------------------- drivers/iommu/intel/dmar.c:2046 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!! other info that might help us debug this: rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 1 2 locks held by cpuhp/1/23: #0: ffffffff84a67c50 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0 #1: ffffffff84a6a380 (cpuhp_state-up){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0 stack backtrace: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 23 Comm: cpuhp/1 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3 #55 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0xb7/0xd0 lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0x159/0x1f0 ? __pfx_enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x10/0x10 enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x151/0x180 cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x1df/0x990 cpuhp_thread_fun+0x1ea/0x2c0 smpboot_thread_fn+0x1f5/0x2e0 ? __pfx_smpboot_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 kthread+0x12a/0x2d0 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x4a/0x60 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 </TASK> Holding the lock in enable_drhd_fault_handling() triggers a lockdep splat about a possible deadlock between dmar_global_lock and cpu_hotplug_lock. This is avoided by not holding dmar_global_lock when calling iommu_device_register(), which initiates the device probe process.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: d74169ceb0d2e32438946a2f1f9fc8c803304bd6 , < 4117c72938493a77ab53cc4b8284be8fb6ec8065 (git)
Affected: d74169ceb0d2e32438946a2f1f9fc8c803304bd6 , < c603ccbe91d189849e1439134598ec567088dcec (git)
Affected: d74169ceb0d2e32438946a2f1f9fc8c803304bd6 , < b150654f74bf0df8e6a7936d5ec51400d9ec06d8 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.18 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.6 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/vt-d: Fix suspicious RCU usage\n\nCommit \u003cd74169ceb0d2\u003e (\"iommu/vt-d: Allocate DMAR fault interrupts\nlocally\") moved the call to enable_drhd_fault_handling() to a code\npath that does not hold any lock while traversing the drhd list. Fix\nit by ensuring the dmar_global_lock lock is held when traversing the\ndrhd list.\n\nWithout this fix, the following warning is triggered:\n =============================\n WARNING: suspicious RCU usage\n 6.14.0-rc3 #55 Not tainted\n -----------------------------\n drivers/iommu/intel/dmar.c:2046 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!!\n               other info that might help us debug this:\n               rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 1\n 2 locks held by cpuhp/1/23:\n #0: ffffffff84a67c50 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0\n #1: ffffffff84a6a380 (cpuhp_state-up){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0\n stack backtrace:\n CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 23 Comm: cpuhp/1 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3 #55\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  dump_stack_lvl+0xb7/0xd0\n  lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0x159/0x1f0\n  ? __pfx_enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x10/0x10\n  enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x151/0x180\n  cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x1df/0x990\n  cpuhp_thread_fun+0x1ea/0x2c0\n  smpboot_thread_fn+0x1f5/0x2e0\n  ? __pfx_smpboot_thread_fn+0x10/0x10\n  kthread+0x12a/0x2d0\n  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n  ret_from_fork+0x4a/0x60\n  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nHolding the lock in enable_drhd_fault_handling() triggers a lockdep splat\nabout a possible deadlock between dmar_global_lock and cpu_hotplug_lock.\nThis is avoided by not holding dmar_global_lock when calling\niommu_device_register(), which initiates the device probe process."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is an Intel VT-d CPU-hotplug startup callback reached only through local machine state transitions (sysfs CPU online, suspend/resume), with no network-facing input path.\nAC:L - The unsynchronized RCU-list traversal executes on every CPU-online event, which a local attacker can trigger repeatedly and at will via CPU hotplug or suspend/resume cycles, so the unprotected window is reached reliably rather than depending on chance.\nPR:L - Writing /sys/devices/system/cpu/N/online needs root, but the same callback runs on every resume from suspend, and on typical desktop/laptop deployments an unprivileged local session can request suspend through logind, so no elevated privileges are strictly required.\nUI:N - The attacker initiates the CPU-online or suspend/resume transition themselves; no action by any other user is needed.\nS:C - The corrupted object is the Intel IOMMU descriptor, and writes through a dangling iommu-\u003ereg reach DMAR hardware register windows, so the impact extends past the kernel\u0027s own authority into the DMA-isolation boundary that protects host memory from devices and assigned-device guests.\nC:H - Traversing a freed dmar_drhd_unit/intel_iommu yields a use-after-free whose reclaimed contents supply the MMIO base used by readl() in dmar_fault(), giving an arbitrary kernel/MMIO read primitive.\nI:H - The same stale iommu-\u003ereg is used for writel() to DMAR_FSTS_REG and the fault-event registers, providing an attacker-influenced arbitrary write that can corrupt kernel data or IOMMU control state.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed DMAR unit oopses the kernel, and a non-zero return from the callback aborts the CPU-online operation, so the bug causes crashes and denial of service even when not fully exploited."
            }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:03.667Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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        {
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        {
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    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21876",
    "datePublished": "2025-03-27T14:57:06.802Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.781Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:03.667Z",
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      "date": "2026-08-08",
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-21876\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-03-27T15:15:55.430\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:21:42.660\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\niommu/vt-d: Fix suspicious RCU usage\\n\\nCommit \u003cd74169ceb0d2\u003e (\\\"iommu/vt-d: Allocate DMAR fault interrupts\\nlocally\\\") moved the call to enable_drhd_fault_handling() to a code\\npath that does not hold any lock while traversing the drhd list. Fix\\nit by ensuring the dmar_global_lock lock is held when traversing the\\ndrhd list.\\n\\nWithout this fix, the following warning is triggered:\\n =============================\\n WARNING: suspicious RCU usage\\n 6.14.0-rc3 #55 Not tainted\\n -----------------------------\\n drivers/iommu/intel/dmar.c:2046 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!!\\n               other info that might help us debug this:\\n               rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 1\\n 2 locks held by cpuhp/1/23:\\n #0: ffffffff84a67c50 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0\\n #1: ffffffff84a6a380 (cpuhp_state-up){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0\\n stack backtrace:\\n CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 23 Comm: cpuhp/1 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3 #55\\n Call Trace:\\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\\n  dump_stack_lvl+0xb7/0xd0\\n  lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0x159/0x1f0\\n  ? __pfx_enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x10/0x10\\n  enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x151/0x180\\n  cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x1df/0x990\\n  cpuhp_thread_fun+0x1ea/0x2c0\\n  smpboot_thread_fn+0x1f5/0x2e0\\n  ? __pfx_smpboot_thread_fn+0x10/0x10\\n  kthread+0x12a/0x2d0\\n  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n  ret_from_fork+0x4a/0x60\\n  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e\\n\\nHolding the lock in enable_drhd_fault_handling() triggers a lockdep splat\\nabout a possible deadlock between dmar_global_lock and cpu_hotplug_lock.\\nThis is avoided by not holding dmar_global_lock when calling\\niommu_device_register(), which initiates the device probe process.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: iommu/vt-d: Correcci\u00f3n de uso sospechoso de RCU. El commit  (\\\"iommu/vt-d: Asignar interrupciones de fallo DMAR localmente\\\") movi\u00f3 la llamada a enable_drhd_fault_handling() a una ruta de c\u00f3digo que no mantiene ning\u00fan bloqueo al recorrer la lista drhd. Corr\u00edjala asegur\u00e1ndose de que el bloqueo dmar_global_lock se mantenga al recorrer la lista drhd. Sin esta correcci\u00f3n, se activa la siguiente advertencia: ============================= ADVERTENCIA: uso sospechoso de RCU 6.14.0-rc3 #55 No contaminado ----------------------------- drivers/iommu/intel/dmar.c:2046 \u00a1Lista de RCU recorrida en una secci\u00f3n que no es de lectura! Otra informaci\u00f3n que podr\u00eda ayudarnos a depurar esto: rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 1 2 bloqueos mantenidos por cpuhp/1/23: #0: ffffffff84a67c50 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, en: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0 #1: ffffffff84a6a380 (cpuhp_state-up){+.+.}-{0:0}, en: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x87/0x2c0 seguimiento de pila: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 23 Comm: cpuhp/1 No contaminado 6.14.0-rc3 #55 Seguimiento de llamadas:   dump_stack_lvl+0xb7/0xd0 lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0x159/0x1f0 ? __pfx_enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x10/0x10 enable_drhd_fault_handling+0x151/0x180 cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x1df/0x990 cpuhp_thread_fun+0x1ea/0x2c0 smpboot_thread_fn+0x1f5/0x2e0 ? __pfx_smpboot_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 kthread+0x12a/0x2d0 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x4a/0x60 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30  Mantener el bloqueo en enable_drhd_fault_handling() activa un aviso de bloqueo sobre un posible interbloqueo entre dmar_global_lock y cpu_hotplug_lock. Esto se evita al no mantener dmar_global_lock al llamar a iommu_device_register(), que inicia el proceso de sondeo del dispositivo.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/iommu/intel/dmar.c\",\"drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d74169ceb0d2e32438946a2f1f9fc8c803304bd6\",\"lessThan\":\"4117c72938493a77ab53cc4b8284be8fb6ec8065\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d74169ceb0d2e32438946a2f1f9fc8c803304bd6\",\"lessThan\":\"c603ccbe91d189849e1439134598ec567088dcec\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d74169ceb0d2e32438946a2f1f9fc8c803304bd6\",\"lessThan\":\"b150654f74bf0df8e6a7936d5ec51400d9ec06d8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/iommu/intel/dmar.c\",\"drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.10\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.10\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.18\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.0,\"impactScore\":6.0},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.10\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.18\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C3E726AB-924C-4BAA-9AD5-2EA4A154FEE8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.13.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"64F12D9B-71C2-4CD7-A288-0D5EF1709620\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"186716B6-2B66-4BD0-852E-D48E71C0C85F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0D3E781C-403A-498F-9DA9-ECEE50F41E75\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"66619FB8-0AAF-4166-B2CF-67B24143261D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D3D6550E-6679-4560-902D-AF52DCFE905B\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4117c72938493a77ab53cc4b8284be8fb6ec8065\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b150654f74bf0df8e6a7936d5ec51400d9ec06d8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c603ccbe91d189849e1439134598ec567088dcec\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T10:13:07+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21876",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21876",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-03-27T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: iommu/vt-d: Fix suspicious RCU usage",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21876.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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