CVE-2025-13591 (GCVE-0-2025-13591)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 16:45 – Updated: 2026-10-19 16:45
VLAI
Title
Username Enumeration via Authentication Endpoint in WSO2 Identity Server Allows User Account Discovery
Summary
The authentication endpoint of WSO2 Identity Server fails to provide a consistent system response when a username does not exist in the system, allowing attackers to differentiate between valid and invalid usernames. This difference in responses can be leveraged to enumerate existing user accounts. Successful exploitation enables an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent attacks such as brute force attacks on user credentials, social engineering attacks, and information leakage. The discovered usernames can be used to craft targeted phishing emails or other social engineering campaigns.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-203 - Information Exposure Through Discrepancy
Assigner
WSO2 CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 89/100 over 48 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server Unknown: 0 , < 7.0.0 (custom)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.0.134 (custom)
Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.0.42 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 Carbon Abstract OTP Authenticator Affected: 1.0.5 , < 1.0.5.3 (custom)
Affected: 1.0.10 , < 1.0.10.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_carbon_abstract_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_carbon_abstract_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 Email OTP Authenticator Affected: 1.0.18 , < 1.0.18.8 (custom)
Affected: 1.0.30 , < 1.0.30.5 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:email_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:email_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 Identity Server",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "7.0.0",
              "status": "unknown",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.0.0.134",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.1.0.42",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.1.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "packageName": "org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.commons:org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.core",
          "product": "WSO2 Carbon Abstract OTP Authenticator",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.0.5.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.5",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1.0.10.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.10",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "packageName": "org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp:org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp",
          "product": "Email OTP Authenticator",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.0.18.8",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.18",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1.0.30.5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.30",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.0.134",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.0.42",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.1.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_carbon_abstract_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "1.0.5.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "1.0.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_carbon_abstract_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "1.0.10.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "1.0.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:email_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "1.0.18.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "1.0.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:email_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "1.0.30.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "1.0.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "The authentication endpoint of WSO2 Identity Server fails to provide a consistent system response when a username does not exist in the system, allowing attackers to differentiate between valid and invalid usernames. This difference in responses can be leveraged to enumerate existing user accounts.\n\nSuccessful exploitation enables an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent attacks such as brute force attacks on user credentials, social engineering attacks, and information leakage. The discovered usernames can be used to craft targeted phishing emails or other social engineering campaigns."
            }
          ],
          "value": "The authentication endpoint of WSO2 Identity Server fails to provide a consistent system response when a username does not exist in the system, allowing attackers to differentiate between valid and invalid usernames. This difference in responses can be leveraged to enumerate existing user accounts.\n\nSuccessful exploitation enables an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent attacks such as brute force attacks on user credentials, social engineering attacks, and information leakage. The discovered usernames can be used to craft targeted phishing emails or other social engineering campaigns."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-274",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-274 CAPEC-274: Username Enumeration"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-203",
              "description": "CWE-203: Information Exposure Through Discrepancy",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T16:45:59.519Z",
        "orgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
        "shortName": "WSO2"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4583/"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent;\"\u003eFollow the instructions given on \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4583/#solution\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent;\"\u003ehttps://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4583/#solution\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Follow the instructions given on https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4583/#solution"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "WSO2-2025-4583",
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Username Enumeration via Authentication Endpoint in WSO2 Identity Server Allows User Account Discovery",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
    "assignerShortName": "WSO2",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-13591",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-19T16:45:59.519Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-11-24T05:16:09.553Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T16:45:59.519Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 Identity Server",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "7.0.0",
                    "status": "unknown",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "7.0.0.134",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "7.0.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "7.1.0.42",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "7.1.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "packageName": "org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.commons:org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.core",
                "product": "WSO2 Carbon Abstract OTP Authenticator",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "1.0.5.3",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "1.0.5",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "1.0.10.2",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "1.0.10",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "packageName": "org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp:org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp",
                "product": "Email OTP Authenticator",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "1.0.18.8",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "1.0.18",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "1.0.30.5",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "1.0.30",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "The authentication endpoint of WSO2 Identity Server fails to provide a consistent system response when a username does not exist in the system, allowing attackers to differentiate between valid and invalid usernames. This difference in responses can be leveraged to enumerate existing user accounts.\n\nSuccessful exploitation enables an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent attacks such as brute force attacks on user credentials, social engineering attacks, and information leakage. The discovered usernames can be used to craft targeted phishing emails or other social engineering campaigns."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-13591",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:06:28.507",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 5.3,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 1.4,
              "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-19T17:16:59.413",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
            "url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4583/"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
        "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-203"
              }
            ],
            "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.