CVE-2025-12816 (GCVE-0-2025-12816)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 19:15 – Updated: 2025-11-25 21:04
VLAI
Title
CVE-2025-12816
Summary
An interpretation-conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier enables unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Digital Bazaar node-forge Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Digital Bazaar forge Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
This issue was reported by Hunter Wodzenski of Palo Alto Networks
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
              "baseScore": 8.6,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "CHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-12816",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-11-25T20:21:37.225634Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-436",
                "description": "CWE-436 Interpretation Conflict",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-25T20:24:22.734Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-25T21:04:09.432Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/521113"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "node-forge",
          "vendor": "Digital Bazaar",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.3.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "forge",
          "vendor": "Digital Bazaar",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.3.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "This issue was reported by Hunter Wodzenski of Palo Alto Networks"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "An interpretation-conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier enables unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "schemaVersion": "2.0.0",
              "selections": [
                {
                  "definition": "The present state of exploitation of the vulnerability.",
                  "key": "E",
                  "name": "Exploitation",
                  "namespace": "ssvc",
                  "values": [
                    {
                      "key": "P",
                      "name": "Public PoC"
                    }
                  ],
                  "version": "1.1.0"
                },
                {
                  "definition": "Can an attacker reliably automate creating exploitation events for this vulnerability?",
                  "key": "A",
                  "name": "Automatable",
                  "namespace": "ssvc",
                  "values": [
                    {
                      "key": "N",
                      "name": "No"
                    }
                  ],
                  "version": "2.0.0"
                },
                {
                  "definition": "The technical impact of the vulnerability.",
                  "key": "TI",
                  "name": "Technical Impact",
                  "namespace": "ssvc",
                  "values": [
                    {
                      "key": "P",
                      "name": "Partial"
                    }
                  ],
                  "version": "1.0.0"
                }
              ],
              "timestamp": "2025-11-07T15:47:01.238Z"
            },
            "type": "ssvcV2_0_0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "CWE-436 Interpretation Conflict",
              "lang": "en"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-11-25T19:29:31.487Z",
        "orgId": "37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b",
        "shortName": "certcc"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-forge"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/pull/1124"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge"
        },
        {
          "name": "CERT/CC Vulnerability Notice",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/521113"
        },
        {
          "name": "Github Security Advisory",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-5gfm-wpxj-wjgq"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "CVE-2025-12816",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "VINCE 3.0.29",
        "env": "prod",
        "origin": "https://cveawg.mitre.org/api/cve/CVE-2025-12816"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b",
    "assignerShortName": "certcc",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-12816",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-25T19:15:50.243Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-11-06T17:11:38.255Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-25T21:04:09.432Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-12816",
      "date": "2026-06-05",
      "epss": "0.00071",
      "percentile": "0.21902"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-12816\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cret@cert.org\",\"published\":\"2025-11-25T20:15:58.870\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-01-02T19:02:08.980\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"An interpretation-conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier enables unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N\",\"baseScore\":8.6,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":4.0}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-436\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:digitalbazaar:forge:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"1.3.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F1BD404D-0F0B-495C-A5FF-F684D208E44D\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge\",\"source\":\"cret@cert.org\",\"tags\":[\"Product\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/pull/1124\",\"source\":\"cret@cert.org\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\",\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-5gfm-wpxj-wjgq\",\"source\":\"cret@cert.org\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/521113\",\"source\":\"cret@cert.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-forge\",\"source\":\"cret@cert.org\",\"tags\":[\"Product\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/521113\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/521113\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-25T21:04:09.432Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"CHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 8.6, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-12816\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-11-25T20:21:37.225634Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-436\", \"description\": \"CWE-436 Interpretation Conflict\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-25T20:23:29.293Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"CVE-2025-12816\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"EXTERNAL\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"This issue was reported by Hunter Wodzenski of Palo Alto Networks\"}], \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvcV2_0_0\", \"content\": {\"timestamp\": \"2025-11-07T15:47:01.238Z\", \"selections\": [{\"key\": \"E\", \"name\": \"Exploitation\", \"values\": [{\"key\": \"P\", \"name\": \"Public PoC\"}], \"version\": \"1.1.0\", \"namespace\": \"ssvc\", \"definition\": \"The present state of exploitation of the vulnerability.\"}, {\"key\": \"A\", \"name\": \"Automatable\", \"values\": [{\"key\": \"N\", \"name\": \"No\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.0\", \"namespace\": \"ssvc\", \"definition\": \"Can an attacker reliably automate creating exploitation events for this vulnerability?\"}, {\"key\": \"TI\", \"name\": \"Technical Impact\", \"values\": [{\"key\": \"P\", \"name\": \"Partial\"}], \"version\": \"1.0.0\", \"namespace\": \"ssvc\", \"definition\": \"The technical impact of the vulnerability.\"}], \"schemaVersion\": \"2.0.0\"}}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Digital Bazaar\", \"product\": \"node-forge\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.3.1\"}]}, {\"vendor\": \"Digital Bazaar\", \"product\": \"forge\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.3.1\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-forge\"}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/pull/1124\"}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge\"}, {\"url\": \"https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/521113\", \"name\": \"CERT/CC Vulnerability Notice\", \"tags\": [\"third-party-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-5gfm-wpxj-wjgq\", \"name\": \"Github Security Advisory\", \"tags\": [\"third-party-advisory\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"env\": \"prod\", \"engine\": \"VINCE 3.0.29\", \"origin\": \"https://cveawg.mitre.org/api/cve/CVE-2025-12816\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"An interpretation-conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier enables unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"description\": \"CWE-436 Interpretation Conflict\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b\", \"shortName\": \"certcc\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-25T19:29:31.487Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-12816\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-25T21:04:09.432Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-11-06T17:11:38.255Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-11-25T19:15:50.243Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"certcc\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.