CVE-2025-10148 (GCVE-0-2025-10148)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-12 05:10 – Updated: 2025-11-18 20:05
VLAI
Title
predictable WebSocket mask
Summary
curl's websocket code did not update the 32 bit mask pattern for each new outgoing frame as the specification says. Instead it used a fixed mask that persisted and was used throughout the entire connection. A predictable mask pattern allows for a malicious server to induce traffic between the two communicating parties that could be interpreted by an involved proxy (configured or transparent) as genuine, real, HTTP traffic with content and thereby poison its cache. That cached poisoned content could then be served to all users of that proxy.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
curl curl Affected: 8.15.0 , ≤ 8.15.0 (semver)
Affected: 8.14.1 , ≤ 8.14.1 (semver)
Affected: 8.14.0 , ≤ 8.14.0 (semver)
Affected: 8.13.0 , ≤ 8.13.0 (semver)
Affected: 8.12.1 , ≤ 8.12.1 (semver)
Affected: 8.12.0 , ≤ 8.12.0 (semver)
Affected: 8.11.1 , ≤ 8.11.1 (semver)
Affected: 8.11.0 , ≤ 8.11.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Calvin Ruocco (Vector Informatik GmbH) Daniel Stenberg
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
              "baseScore": 5.3,
              "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
              "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-10148",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-12T17:16:46.486840Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T17:17:12.815Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-18T20:05:32.822Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/2"
          },
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/3"
          },
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/4"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "curl",
          "vendor": "curl",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.15.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.15.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.14.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.14.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.14.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.14.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.13.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.13.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.12.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.12.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.12.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.12.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.11.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.11.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.11.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.11.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Calvin Ruocco (Vector Informatik GmbH)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Daniel Stenberg"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "curl\u0027s websocket code did not update the 32 bit mask pattern for each new\n outgoing frame as the specification says. Instead it used a fixed mask that\npersisted and was used throughout the entire connection.\n\nA predictable mask pattern allows for a malicious server to induce traffic\nbetween the two communicating parties that could be interpreted by an involved\nproxy (configured or transparent) as genuine, real, HTTP traffic with content\nand thereby poison its cache. That cached poisoned content could then be\nserved to all users of that proxy."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "CWE-340 Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers",
              "lang": "en"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T05:10:37.469Z",
        "orgId": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
        "shortName": "curl"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "json",
          "url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-10148.json"
        },
        {
          "name": "www",
          "url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-10148.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "issue",
          "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3330839"
        }
      ],
      "title": "predictable WebSocket mask"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
    "assignerShortName": "curl",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-10148",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-12T05:10:37.469Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-09T03:45:41.908Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-18T20:05:32.822Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-10148",
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "epss": "0.00122",
      "percentile": "0.30818"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-10148\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9\",\"published\":\"2025-09-12T06:15:40.020\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-01-20T14:55:47.997\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"curl\u0027s websocket code did not update the 32 bit mask pattern for each new\\n outgoing frame as the specification says. Instead it used a fixed mask that\\npersisted and was used throughout the entire connection.\\n\\nA predictable mask pattern allows for a malicious server to induce traffic\\nbetween the two communicating parties that could be interpreted by an involved\\nproxy (configured or transparent) as genuine, real, HTTP traffic with content\\nand thereby poison its cache. That cached poisoned content could then be\\nserved to all users of that proxy.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N\",\"baseScore\":5.3,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":1.4}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:haxx:curl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"8.11.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"8.16.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A2D88104-00EB-4B8B-88D4-9FCCEF41FA6B\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-10148.html\",\"source\":\"2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\",\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-10148.json\",\"source\":\"2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://hackerone.com/reports/3330839\",\"source\":\"2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/2\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\",\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/3\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/4\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/2\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/3\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/10/4\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-18T20:05:32.822Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 5.3, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"LOW\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-10148\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-09-12T17:16:46.486840Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-12T17:17:07.462Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"predictable WebSocket mask\", \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"Calvin Ruocco (Vector Informatik GmbH)\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"remediation developer\", \"value\": \"Daniel Stenberg\"}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"curl\", \"product\": \"curl\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.15.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.15.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.14.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.14.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.14.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.14.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.13.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.13.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.12.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.12.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.12.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.12.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.11.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.11.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.11.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"8.11.0\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-10148.json\", \"name\": \"json\"}, {\"url\": \"https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-10148.html\", \"name\": \"www\"}, {\"url\": \"https://hackerone.com/reports/3330839\", \"name\": \"issue\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"curl\u0027s websocket code did not update the 32 bit mask pattern for each new\\n outgoing frame as the specification says. Instead it used a fixed mask that\\npersisted and was used throughout the entire connection.\\n\\nA predictable mask pattern allows for a malicious server to induce traffic\\nbetween the two communicating parties that could be interpreted by an involved\\nproxy (configured or transparent) as genuine, real, HTTP traffic with content\\nand thereby poison its cache. That cached poisoned content could then be\\nserved to all users of that proxy.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"description\": \"CWE-340 Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9\", \"shortName\": \"curl\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-12T05:10:37.469Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-10148\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-18T20:05:32.822Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-09-09T03:45:41.908Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-09-12T05:10:37.469Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"curl\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.