CVE-2024-57875 (GCVE-0-2024-57875)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-11 14:49 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
block: RCU protect disk->conv_zones_bitmap
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block: RCU protect disk->conv_zones_bitmap
Ensure that a disk revalidation changing the conventional zones bitmap
of a disk does not cause invalid memory references when using the
disk_zone_is_conv() helper by RCU protecting the disk->conv_zones_bitmap
pointer.
disk_zone_is_conv() is modified to operate under the RCU read lock and
the function disk_set_conv_zones_bitmap() is added to update a disk
conv_zones_bitmap pointer using rcu_replace_pointer() with the disk
zone_wplugs_lock spinlock held.
disk_free_zone_resources() is modified to call
disk_update_zone_resources() with a NULL bitmap pointer to free the disk
conv_zones_bitmap. disk_set_conv_zones_bitmap() is also used in
disk_update_zone_resources() to set the new (revalidated) bitmap and
free the old one.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:41 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
dd291d77cc90eb6a86e9860ba8e6e38eebd57d12 , < 493326c4f10cc71a42c27fdc97ce112182ee4cbc
(git)
Affected: dd291d77cc90eb6a86e9860ba8e6e38eebd57d12 , < d7cb6d7414ea1b33536fa6d11805cb8dceec1f97 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.10 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.5 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable helper is reached only through the local block I/O submission path (`submit_bio`/`blk_mq_submit_bio` \u2192 `blk_zone_plug_bio`) and zone-management ioctls (`BLKRESETZONE`/`BLKFINISHZONE`) against a zoned block device node or a filesystem mounted on it. There is no network protocol handler in the path; the racing revalidation is a local block-layer/driver operation.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the reader side and can drive `disk_zone_is_conv()` continuously and indefinitely with a cheap write/zone-reset loop, so the race can be retried without limit at no cost until a revalidation (admin rescan, `BLKRRPART`, DM table reload, or a device-driven SCSI capacity-change unit attention / NVMe namespace-changed AEN, all of which recur in normal operation) lands in the window. No specific memory layout or victim state that the attacker cannot influence is required.\nPR:L - An ordinary unprivileged local user only needs write access to the zoned block device or to a filesystem on it (common for containers given a ZNS namespace, storage hosts with SMR disks, and Android/embedded systems running f2fs on zoned storage) to keep the vulnerable read path hot. No capability check guards `blk_zone_plug_bio()` on the submission path.\nUI:N - Triggering requires only the attacker\u0027s own I/O against the zoned device concurrently with a revalidation event; no victim has to open a file, mount a filesystem, or take any other action.\nS:U - The freed bitmap and the corrupted decision logic are both kernel block-layer state, so the impact stays within the kernel\u0027s own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `test_bit()` on the freed bitmap reads memory that may already have been reallocated to another kernel object, and the resulting bit value is observable to the attacker through the differing I/O behavior (zone append accepted vs. `-EIO`), yielding a use-after-free read oracle over recycled kernel heap contents.\nI:H - A stale/freed bitmap can make a sequential-write-required zone be classified as conventional, causing writes to bypass zone write plugging entirely and be issued out of order to the device \u2014 corrupting on-disk data on the zoned device \u2014 and the use-after-free read is the kind of memory-safety defect that is treated as exploitable for further corruption.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed bitmap can oops the kernel (kvmalloc/vmalloc-backed bitmaps for large zone counts become unmapped on free, and KASAN/DEBUG_PAGEALLOC builds fault immediately), and even without a fault the misclassification produces write-ordering failures that force I/O errors and filesystem shutdown on the zoned device."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:46:43.350Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/493326c4f10cc71a42c27fdc97ce112182ee4cbc"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7cb6d7414ea1b33536fa6d11805cb8dceec1f97"
}
],
"title": "block: RCU protect disk-\u003econv_zones_bitmap",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-57875",
"datePublished": "2025-01-11T14:49:01.655Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-11T14:45:42.023Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:51:49.436Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.