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CVE-2024-56719 (GCVE-0-2024-56719)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-29 08:48 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:39
VLAI
Title
net: stmmac: fix TSO DMA API usage causing oops
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: stmmac: fix TSO DMA API usage causing oops Commit 66600fac7a98 ("net: stmmac: TSO: Fix unbalanced DMA map/unmap for non-paged SKB data") moved the assignment of tx_skbuff_dma[]'s members to be later in stmmac_tso_xmit(). The buf (dma cookie) and len stored in this structure are passed to dma_unmap_single() by stmmac_tx_clean(). The DMA API requires that the dma cookie passed to dma_unmap_single() is the same as the value returned from dma_map_single(). However, by moving the assignment later, this is not the case when priv->dma_cap.addr64 > 32 as "des" is offset by proto_hdr_len. This causes problems such as: dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet eth0: Tx DMA map failed and with DMA_API_DEBUG enabled: DMA-API: dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet: device driver tries to +free DMA memory it has not allocated [device address=0x000000ffffcf65c0] [size=66 bytes] Fix this by maintaining "des" as the original DMA cookie, and use tso_des to pass the offset DMA cookie to stmmac_tso_allocator(). Full details of the crashes can be found at: https://lore.kernel.org/all/d8112193-0386-4e14-b516-37c2d838171a@nvidia.com/ https://lore.kernel.org/all/klkzp5yn5kq5efgtrow6wbvnc46bcqfxs65nz3qy77ujr5turc@bwwhelz2l4dw/
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 19:58 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: ece593fc9c00741b682869d3f3dc584d37b7c9df , < 05968b6dd0ffc65d7386608b11a11fb4fdfc9f36 (git)
Affected: a3ff23f7c3f0e13f718900803e090fd3997d6bc9 , < 6abcdc9a73274052a9e96a1926994ecf9aedad82 (git)
Affected: 07c9c26e37542486e34d767505e842f48f29c3f6 , < db3667c9bbfbbf5de98e6c9542f7e03fb5243286 (git)
Affected: 66600fac7a984dea4ae095411f644770b2561ede , < 9d5dd7ccea1b46a9a7c6b3c2b9e5ed8864e185e2 (git)
Affected: 66600fac7a984dea4ae095411f644770b2561ede , < 4c49f38e20a57f8abaebdf95b369295b153d1f8e (git)
Affected: 58d23d835eb498336716cca55b5714191a309286 (git)
Affected: 5.15.171 , < 5.15.209 (semver)
Affected: 6.1.116 , < 6.1.167 (semver)
Affected: 6.6.60 , < 6.6.68 (semver)
Affected: 6.11.7 , < 6.12 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.167 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.68 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.7 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: stmmac: fix TSO DMA API usage causing oops\n\nCommit 66600fac7a98 (\"net: stmmac: TSO: Fix unbalanced DMA map/unmap\nfor non-paged SKB data\") moved the assignment of tx_skbuff_dma[]\u0027s\nmembers to be later in stmmac_tso_xmit().\n\nThe buf (dma cookie) and len stored in this structure are passed to\ndma_unmap_single() by stmmac_tx_clean(). The DMA API requires that\nthe dma cookie passed to dma_unmap_single() is the same as the value\nreturned from dma_map_single(). However, by moving the assignment\nlater, this is not the case when priv-\u003edma_cap.addr64 \u003e 32 as \"des\"\nis offset by proto_hdr_len.\n\nThis causes problems such as:\n\n  dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet eth0: Tx DMA map failed\n\nand with DMA_API_DEBUG enabled:\n\n  DMA-API: dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet: device driver tries to +free DMA memory it has not allocated [device address=0x000000ffffcf65c0] [size=66 bytes]\n\nFix this by maintaining \"des\" as the original DMA cookie, and use\ntso_des to pass the offset DMA cookie to stmmac_tso_allocator().\n\nFull details of the crashes can be found at:\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/all/d8112193-0386-4e14-b516-37c2d838171a@nvidia.com/\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/all/klkzp5yn5kq5efgtrow6wbvnc46bcqfxs65nz3qy77ujr5turc@bwwhelz2l4dw/"
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However, by moving the assignment\\nlater, this is not the case when priv-\u003edma_cap.addr64 \u003e 32 as \\\"des\\\"\\nis offset by proto_hdr_len.\\n\\nThis causes problems such as:\\n\\n  dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet eth0: Tx DMA map failed\\n\\nand with DMA_API_DEBUG enabled:\\n\\n  DMA-API: dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet: device driver tries to +free DMA memory it has not allocated [device address=0x000000ffffcf65c0] [size=66 bytes]\\n\\nFix this by maintaining \\\"des\\\" as the original DMA cookie, and use\\ntso_des to pass the offset DMA cookie to stmmac_tso_allocator().\\n\\nFull details of the crashes can be found at:\\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/all/d8112193-0386-4e14-b516-37c2d838171a@nvidia.com/\\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/all/klkzp5yn5kq5efgtrow6wbvnc46bcqfxs65nz3qy77ujr5turc@bwwhelz2l4dw/\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: stmmac: fix TSO DMA API usage burning cause oops Commit 66600fac7a98 (\\\"net: stmmac: TSO: Fix unbalanced DMA map/unmap for non-paged SKB data\\\") movi\u00f3 la asignaci\u00f3n de los miembros de tx_skbuff_dma[] para que sea posterior en stmmac_tso_xmit(). El buf (dma cookie) y len almacenados en esta estructura se pasan a dma_unmap_single() por stmmac_tx_clean(). La DMA API requiere que la dma cookie pasada a dma_unmap_single() sea la misma que el valor devuelto desde dma_map_single(). Sin embargo, al mover la asignaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s tarde, este no es el caso cuando priv-\u0026gt;dma_cap.addr64 \u0026gt; 32 como \\\"des\\\" es desplazado por proto_hdr_len. Esto causa problemas como: dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet eth0: el mapa DMA de transmisi\u00f3n fall\u00f3 y con DMA_API_DEBUG habilitado: DMA-API: dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet: el controlador del dispositivo intenta +liberar memoria DMA que no ha asignado [direcci\u00f3n del dispositivo=0x000000ffffcf65c0] [tama\u00f1o=66 bytes] Solucione esto manteniendo \\\"des\\\" como la cookie DMA original y use tso_des para pasar la cookie DMA de desplazamiento a stmmac_tso_allocator(). Los detalles completos de los fallos se pueden encontrar en: https://lore.kernel.org/all/d8112193-0386-4e14-b516-37c2d838171a@nvidia.com/ https://lore.kernel.org/all/klkzp5yn5kq5efgtrow6wbvnc46bcqfxs65nz3qy77ujr5turc@bwwhelz2l4dw/\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"ece593fc9c00741b682869d3f3dc584d37b7c9df\",\"lessThan\":\"05968b6dd0ffc65d7386608b11a11fb4fdfc9f36\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a3ff23f7c3f0e13f718900803e090fd3997d6bc9\",\"lessThan\":\"6abcdc9a73274052a9e96a1926994ecf9aedad82\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"07c9c26e37542486e34d767505e842f48f29c3f6\",\"lessThan\":\"db3667c9bbfbbf5de98e6c9542f7e03fb5243286\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"66600fac7a984dea4ae095411f644770b2561ede\",\"lessThan\":\"9d5dd7ccea1b46a9a7c6b3c2b9e5ed8864e185e2\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"66600fac7a984dea4ae095411f644770b2561ede\",\"lessThan\":\"4c49f38e20a57f8abaebdf95b369295b153d1f8e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"58d23d835eb498336716cca55b5714191a309286\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.171\",\"lessThan\":\"5.15.209\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.116\",\"lessThan\":\"6.1.167\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.60\",\"lessThan\":\"6.6.68\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6.11.7\",\"lessThan\":\"6.12\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.12\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.12\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.209\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.167\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.68\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.7\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC 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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2025-11-21T13:58:09+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-56719",
      "id": "CVE-2024-56719",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-12-29T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "198",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net: stmmac: fix TSO DMA API usage causing oops",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-56719.json",
      "version": "3"
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No local access is required to drive the vulnerable code.\\nAC:L - The DMA cookie/length mismatch occurs on every TSO transmit on the affected (addr64 \u003e 32) hardware, and the damaging oversized IOVA unmap/free triggers on a large fraction of frames purely as a function of buffer alignment, so an attacker pushing bulk traffic hits it within milliseconds with no condition outside their control.\\nPR:N - There is no capability, credential or authentication check anywhere between packet transmission and `stmmac_tso_xmit()`; merely causing the host to send large TCP/UDP-GSO data (e.g. an HTTP GET against a public service, or routed traffic) is sufficient.\\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \\u2014 the bug fires automatically during ordinary transmit processing driven entirely by the attacker\u0027s traffic.\\nS:C - The defect corrupts IOMMU/IOVA bookkeeping, unmapping and freeing translation ranges belonging to other live DMA mappings, so the NIC ends up with (or loses) translations outside its granted allocation \\u2014 a breach of the IOMMU/DMA isolation boundary that confines a DMA-capable device, not merely a fault contained within the driver.\\nC:H - Aliased and leaked IOVA mappings let the device read host memory outside the intended buffer and transmit it onto the wire, and the corrupted mapping state is memory corruption that can be leveraged for kernel memory disclosure.\\nI:H - Over-freed IOVA ranges are handed out again while still in use, so device DMA \\u2014 including remote-attacker-controlled received packet payloads written into RX buffers \\u2014 can land in unrelated kernel pages, giving an arbitrary-write style memory corruption primitive.\\nA:H - The commit is explicitly titled \\\"fix TSO DMA API usage causing oops\\\" and links to crash reports; in practice it yields `WARN_ON` in `__iommu_dma_unmap()`, SMMU translation faults, kernel oopses, and permanent `Tx DMA map failed` transmit failure that takes the interface down.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ece593fc9c00741b682869d3f3dc584d37b7c9df\", \"lessThan\": \"05968b6dd0ffc65d7386608b11a11fb4fdfc9f36\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"a3ff23f7c3f0e13f718900803e090fd3997d6bc9\", \"lessThan\": \"6abcdc9a73274052a9e96a1926994ecf9aedad82\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"07c9c26e37542486e34d767505e842f48f29c3f6\", \"lessThan\": \"db3667c9bbfbbf5de98e6c9542f7e03fb5243286\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"66600fac7a984dea4ae095411f644770b2561ede\", \"lessThan\": \"9d5dd7ccea1b46a9a7c6b3c2b9e5ed8864e185e2\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"66600fac7a984dea4ae095411f644770b2561ede\", \"lessThan\": \"4c49f38e20a57f8abaebdf95b369295b153d1f8e\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"58d23d835eb498336716cca55b5714191a309286\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.15.171\", \"lessThan\": \"5.15.209\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.1.116\", \"lessThan\": \"6.1.167\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.6.60\", \"lessThan\": \"6.6.68\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.11.7\", \"lessThan\": \"6.12\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.12\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"6.12\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.209\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.167\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.68\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.7\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/05968b6dd0ffc65d7386608b11a11fb4fdfc9f36\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6abcdc9a73274052a9e96a1926994ecf9aedad82\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db3667c9bbfbbf5de98e6c9542f7e03fb5243286\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d5dd7ccea1b46a9a7c6b3c2b9e5ed8864e185e2\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c49f38e20a57f8abaebdf95b369295b153d1f8e\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet: stmmac: fix TSO DMA API usage causing oops\\n\\nCommit 66600fac7a98 (\\\"net: stmmac: TSO: Fix unbalanced DMA map/unmap\\nfor non-paged SKB data\\\") moved the assignment of tx_skbuff_dma[]\u0027s\\nmembers to be later in stmmac_tso_xmit().\\n\\nThe buf (dma cookie) and len stored in this structure are passed to\\ndma_unmap_single() by stmmac_tx_clean(). The DMA API requires that\\nthe dma cookie passed to dma_unmap_single() is the same as the value\\nreturned from dma_map_single(). However, by moving the assignment\\nlater, this is not the case when priv-\u003edma_cap.addr64 \u003e 32 as \\\"des\\\"\\nis offset by proto_hdr_len.\\n\\nThis causes problems such as:\\n\\n  dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet eth0: Tx DMA map failed\\n\\nand with DMA_API_DEBUG enabled:\\n\\n  DMA-API: dwc-eth-dwmac 2490000.ethernet: device driver tries to +free DMA memory it has not allocated [device address=0x000000ffffcf65c0] [size=66 bytes]\\n\\nFix this by maintaining \\\"des\\\" as the original DMA cookie, and use\\ntso_des to pass the offset DMA cookie to stmmac_tso_allocator().\\n\\nFull details of the crashes can be found at:\\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/all/d8112193-0386-4e14-b516-37c2d838171a@nvidia.com/\\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/all/klkzp5yn5kq5efgtrow6wbvnc46bcqfxs65nz3qy77ujr5turc@bwwhelz2l4dw/\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.209\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15.171\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.167\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.1.116\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.68\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.6.60\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.7\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.12\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.12\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.11.7\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:46:17.079Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2024-56719\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-08T08:39:45.449Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-12-27T15:00:39.858Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2024-12-29T08:48:51.495Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.