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CVE-2023-53585 (GCVE-0-2023-53585)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-04 15:44 – Updated: 2026-05-11 19:47
VLAI
Title
bpf: reject unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: reject unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign The semantics for bpf_sk_assign are as follows: sk = some_lookup_func() bpf_sk_assign(skb, sk) bpf_sk_release(sk) That is, the sk is not consumed by bpf_sk_assign. The function therefore needs to make sure that sk lives long enough to be consumed from __inet_lookup_skb. The path through the stack for a TCPv4 packet is roughly: netif_receive_skb_core: takes RCU read lock __netif_receive_skb_core: sch_handle_ingress: tcf_classify: bpf_sk_assign() deliver_ptype_list_skb: deliver_skb: ip_packet_type->func == ip_rcv: ip_rcv_core: ip_rcv_finish_core: dst_input: ip_local_deliver: ip_local_deliver_finish: ip_protocol_deliver_rcu: tcp_v4_rcv: __inet_lookup_skb: skb_steal_sock The existing helper takes advantage of the fact that everything happens in the same RCU critical section: for sockets with SOCK_RCU_FREE set bpf_sk_assign never takes a reference. skb_steal_sock then checks SOCK_RCU_FREE again and does sock_put if necessary. This approach assumes that SOCK_RCU_FREE is never set on a sk between bpf_sk_assign and skb_steal_sock, but this invariant is violated by unhashed UDP sockets. A new UDP socket is created in TCP_CLOSE state but without SOCK_RCU_FREE set. That flag is only added in udp_lib_get_port() which happens when a socket is bound. When bpf_sk_assign was added it wasn't possible to access unhashed UDP sockets from BPF, so this wasn't a problem. This changed in commit 0c48eefae712 ("sock_map: Lift socket state restriction for datagram sockets"), but the helper wasn't adjusted accordingly. The following sequence of events will therefore lead to a refcount leak: 1. Add socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) to a sockmap. 2. Pull socket out of sockmap and bpf_sk_assign it. Since SOCK_RCU_FREE is not set we increment the refcount. 3. bind() or connect() the socket, setting SOCK_RCU_FREE. 4. skb_steal_sock will now set refcounted = false due to SOCK_RCU_FREE. 5. tcp_v4_rcv() skips sock_put(). Fix the problem by rejecting unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign(). This matches the behaviour of __inet_lookup_skb which is ultimately the goal of bpf_sk_assign().
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: cf7fbe660f2dbd738ab58aea8e9b0ca6ad232449 , < 791a12102e5191dcb6ce0b3a99d71b5a2802d12a (git)
Affected: cf7fbe660f2dbd738ab58aea8e9b0ca6ad232449 , < 7dcbc0bb0e5cc1823923744befce59ac353135e6 (git)
Affected: cf7fbe660f2dbd738ab58aea8e9b0ca6ad232449 , < c0ce0fb76610d5fad31f56f2ca8241a2a6717a1b (git)
Affected: cf7fbe660f2dbd738ab58aea8e9b0ca6ad232449 , < 8aa43cfbb68b25119d2ced14ec717173e2901fa2 (git)
Affected: cf7fbe660f2dbd738ab58aea8e9b0ca6ad232449 , < 3d4522f59fb748a54446846522941a4f09da63e9 (git)
Affected: cf7fbe660f2dbd738ab58aea8e9b0ca6ad232449 , < 67312adc96b5a585970d03b62412847afe2c6b01 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.195 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.132 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.53 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.16 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.5.3 , ≤ 6.5.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: reject unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign\n\nThe semantics for bpf_sk_assign are as follows:\n\n    sk = some_lookup_func()\n    bpf_sk_assign(skb, sk)\n    bpf_sk_release(sk)\n\nThat is, the sk is not consumed by bpf_sk_assign. The function\ntherefore needs to make sure that sk lives long enough to be\nconsumed from __inet_lookup_skb. The path through the stack for a\nTCPv4 packet is roughly:\n\n  netif_receive_skb_core: takes RCU read lock\n    __netif_receive_skb_core:\n      sch_handle_ingress:\n        tcf_classify:\n          bpf_sk_assign()\n      deliver_ptype_list_skb:\n        deliver_skb:\n          ip_packet_type-\u003efunc == ip_rcv:\n            ip_rcv_core:\n            ip_rcv_finish_core:\n              dst_input:\n                ip_local_deliver:\n                  ip_local_deliver_finish:\n                    ip_protocol_deliver_rcu:\n                      tcp_v4_rcv:\n                        __inet_lookup_skb:\n                          skb_steal_sock\n\nThe existing helper takes advantage of the fact that everything\nhappens in the same RCU critical section: for sockets with\nSOCK_RCU_FREE set bpf_sk_assign never takes a reference.\nskb_steal_sock then checks SOCK_RCU_FREE again and does sock_put\nif necessary.\n\nThis approach assumes that SOCK_RCU_FREE is never set on a sk\nbetween bpf_sk_assign and skb_steal_sock, but this invariant is\nviolated by unhashed UDP sockets. A new UDP socket is created\nin TCP_CLOSE state but without SOCK_RCU_FREE set. That flag is only\nadded in udp_lib_get_port() which happens when a socket is bound.\n\nWhen bpf_sk_assign was added it wasn\u0027t possible to access unhashed\nUDP sockets from BPF, so this wasn\u0027t a problem. This changed\nin commit 0c48eefae712 (\"sock_map: Lift socket state restriction\nfor datagram sockets\"), but the helper wasn\u0027t adjusted accordingly.\nThe following sequence of events will therefore lead to a refcount\nleak:\n\n1. Add socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) to a sockmap.\n2. Pull socket out of sockmap and bpf_sk_assign it. Since\n   SOCK_RCU_FREE is not set we increment the refcount.\n3. bind() or connect() the socket, setting SOCK_RCU_FREE.\n4. skb_steal_sock will now set refcounted = false due to\n   SOCK_RCU_FREE.\n5. tcp_v4_rcv() skips sock_put().\n\nFix the problem by rejecting unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign().\nThis matches the behaviour of __inet_lookup_skb which is ultimately\nthe goal of bpf_sk_assign()."
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        "id": "CVE-2023-53585",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:45:39.523",
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                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
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              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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        "published": "2025-10-04T16:15:54.703",
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aa43cfbb68b25119d2ced14ec717173e2901fa2"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c0ce0fb76610d5fad31f56f2ca8241a2a6717a1b"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:30:57+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53585",
      "id": "CVE-2023-53585",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "399",
      "product_status:known_affected": "52",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "104",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: bpf: reject unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-53585.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.