CVE-2023-53501 (GCVE-0-2023-53501)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-01 11:45 – Updated: 2026-05-11 19:46
VLAI
Title
iommu/amd/iommu_v2: Fix pasid_state refcount dec hit 0 warning on pasid unbind
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/iommu_v2: Fix pasid_state refcount dec hit 0 warning on pasid unbind When unbinding pasid - a race condition exists vs outstanding page faults. To prevent this, the pasid_state object contains a refcount. * set to 1 on pasid bind * incremented on each ppr notification start * decremented on each ppr notification done * decremented on pasid unbind Since refcount_dec assumes that refcount will never reach 0: the current implementation causes the following to be invoked on pasid unbind: REFCOUNT_WARN("decrement hit 0; leaking memory") Fix this issue by changing refcount_dec to refcount_dec_and_test to explicitly handle refcount=1.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6665 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a , < a50d60b8f2aff46dd7c7edb4a5835cdc4d432c22 (git)
Affected: 8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a , < 13ed255248dfbbb7f23f9170c7a537fb9ca22c73 (git)
Affected: 8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a , < 9ccc51be3126b25cfe9351dbffde946c925cc28a (git)
Affected: 8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a , < 98d86bf32187db27946ca817c2467a5f2f7aa02f (git)
Affected: 8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a , < 534103bcd52ca9c1fecbc70e717b4a538dc4ded8 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.132 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.53 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.16 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.5.3 , ≤ 6.5.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/iommu/amd/iommu_v2.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "a50d60b8f2aff46dd7c7edb4a5835cdc4d432c22",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "13ed255248dfbbb7f23f9170c7a537fb9ca22c73",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9ccc51be3126b25cfe9351dbffde946c925cc28a",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "98d86bf32187db27946ca817c2467a5f2f7aa02f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "534103bcd52ca9c1fecbc70e717b4a538dc4ded8",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/iommu/amd/iommu_v2.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.15"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.15",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.132",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.53",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.4.16",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.5.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.132",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.53",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/amd/iommu_v2: Fix pasid_state refcount dec hit 0 warning on pasid unbind\n\nWhen unbinding pasid - a race condition exists vs outstanding page faults.\n\nTo prevent this, the pasid_state object contains a refcount.\n    * set to 1 on pasid bind\n    * incremented on each ppr notification start\n    * decremented on each ppr notification done\n    * decremented on pasid unbind\n\nSince refcount_dec assumes that refcount will never reach 0:\n  the current implementation causes the following to be invoked on\n  pasid unbind:\n        REFCOUNT_WARN(\"decrement hit 0; leaking memory\")\n\nFix this issue by changing refcount_dec to refcount_dec_and_test\nto explicitly handle refcount=1."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T19:46:13.112Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a50d60b8f2aff46dd7c7edb4a5835cdc4d432c22"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13ed255248dfbbb7f23f9170c7a537fb9ca22c73"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ccc51be3126b25cfe9351dbffde946c925cc28a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/98d86bf32187db27946ca817c2467a5f2f7aa02f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/534103bcd52ca9c1fecbc70e717b4a538dc4ded8"
        }
      ],
      "title": "iommu/amd/iommu_v2: Fix pasid_state refcount dec hit 0 warning on pasid unbind",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-53501",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-01T11:45:52.204Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-10-01T11:39:39.404Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T19:46:13.112Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53501",
      "date": "2026-10-14",
      "epss": "0.00147",
      "percentile": "0.0348"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/iommu/amd/iommu_v2.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "a50d60b8f2aff46dd7c7edb4a5835cdc4d432c22",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "13ed255248dfbbb7f23f9170c7a537fb9ca22c73",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "9ccc51be3126b25cfe9351dbffde946c925cc28a",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "98d86bf32187db27946ca817c2467a5f2f7aa02f",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "534103bcd52ca9c1fecbc70e717b4a538dc4ded8",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "8bc54824da4e8fcf0ed679cf09ac32f23d83254a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/iommu/amd/iommu_v2.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.15"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.15",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "5.15.132",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.1.53",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.4.16",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.5.3",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.6",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "052E4580-873A-45EA-B4DD-0BD2AC7507E5",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.132",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "B20754AF-3B8C-4574-A70D-EC24933810E5",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.53",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.16",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "C3039EA3-F6CA-43EF-9F17-81A7EC6841EF",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.16",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "880C803A-BEAE-4DA0-8A59-AC023F7B4EE3",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.3",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.5",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/amd/iommu_v2: Fix pasid_state refcount dec hit 0 warning on pasid unbind\n\nWhen unbinding pasid - a race condition exists vs outstanding page faults.\n\nTo prevent this, the pasid_state object contains a refcount.\n    * set to 1 on pasid bind\n    * incremented on each ppr notification start\n    * decremented on each ppr notification done\n    * decremented on pasid unbind\n\nSince refcount_dec assumes that refcount will never reach 0:\n  the current implementation causes the following to be invoked on\n  pasid unbind:\n        REFCOUNT_WARN(\"decrement hit 0; leaking memory\")\n\nFix this issue by changing refcount_dec to refcount_dec_and_test\nto explicitly handle refcount=1."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2023-53501",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:45:29.020",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 4.7,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-10-01T12:15:53.640",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13ed255248dfbbb7f23f9170c7a537fb9ca22c73"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/534103bcd52ca9c1fecbc70e717b4a538dc4ded8"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/98d86bf32187db27946ca817c2467a5f2f7aa02f"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ccc51be3126b25cfe9351dbffde946c925cc28a"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a50d60b8f2aff46dd7c7edb4a5835cdc4d432c22"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:30:15+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53501",
      "id": "CVE-2023-53501",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "399",
      "product_status:known_affected": "38",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "118",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of Service due to race condition in IOMMU pasid unbinding",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-53501.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.