CVE-2023-53368 (GCVE-0-2023-53368)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 14:56 – Updated: 2026-05-11 19:43
VLAI
Title
tracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap Warning happened in rb_end_commit() at code: if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing))) WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 139 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:3142 rb_commit+0x402/0x4a0 Call Trace: ring_buffer_unlock_commit+0x42/0x250 trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs+0x3b/0x250 trace_event_buffer_commit+0xe5/0x440 trace_event_buffer_reserve+0x11c/0x150 trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x23c/0x2c0 __traceiter_sched_switch+0x59/0x80 __schedule+0x72b/0x1580 schedule+0x92/0x120 worker_thread+0xa0/0x6f0 It is because the race between writing event into cpu buffer and swapping cpu buffer through file per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot: Write on CPU 0 Swap buffer by per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot on CPU 1 -------- -------- tracing_snapshot_write() [...] ring_buffer_lock_reserve() cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 1. Suppose find 'cpu_buffer_a'; [...] rb_reserve_next_event() [...] ring_buffer_swap_cpu() if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_a->committing)) goto out_dec; if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_b->committing)) goto out_dec; buffer_a->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b; buffer_b->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a; // 2. cpu_buffer has swapped here. rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer); if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->buffer) != buffer)) { // 3. This check passed due to 'cpu_buffer->buffer' [...] // has not changed here. return NULL; } cpu_buffer_b->buffer = buffer_a; cpu_buffer_a->buffer = buffer_b; [...] // 4. Reserve event from 'cpu_buffer_a'. ring_buffer_unlock_commit() [...] cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 5. Now find 'cpu_buffer_b' !!! rb_commit(cpu_buffer) rb_end_commit() // 6. WARN for the wrong 'committing' state !!! Based on above analysis, we can easily reproduce by following testcase: ``` bash #!/bin/bash dmesg -n 7 sysctl -w kernel.panic_on_warn=1 TR=/sys/kernel/tracing echo 7 > ${TR}/buffer_size_kb echo "sched:sched_switch" > ${TR}/set_event while [ true ]; do echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot done & while [ true ]; do echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot done & while [ true ]; do echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot done & ``` To fix it, IIUC, we can use smp_call_function_single() to do the swap on the target cpu where the buffer is located, so that above race would be avoided.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-14 18:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7033 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe , < 90e037cabc2c2dfc39b3dd9c5b22ea91f995539a (git)
Affected: f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe , < c5d30d6aa83d99fba8dfdd9cf6c4e4e7a63244db (git)
Affected: f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe , < 6182318ac04648b46db9d441fd7d696337fcdd0b (git)
Affected: f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe , < 74c85396bd73eca80b96510b4edf93b9a3aff75f (git)
Affected: f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe , < 89c89da92a60028013f9539be0dcce7e44405a43 (git)
Affected: f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe , < 37ca1b686078b00cc4ffa008e2190615f7709b5d (git)
Affected: f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe , < 3163f635b20e9e1fb4659e74f47918c9dddfe64e (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.257 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.195 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.132 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.53 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.16 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.5.3 , ≤ 6.5.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap\n\nWarning happened in rb_end_commit() at code:\n\tif (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer-\u003ecommitting)))\n\n  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 139 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:3142\n\trb_commit+0x402/0x4a0\n  Call Trace:\n   ring_buffer_unlock_commit+0x42/0x250\n   trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs+0x3b/0x250\n   trace_event_buffer_commit+0xe5/0x440\n   trace_event_buffer_reserve+0x11c/0x150\n   trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x23c/0x2c0\n   __traceiter_sched_switch+0x59/0x80\n   __schedule+0x72b/0x1580\n   schedule+0x92/0x120\n   worker_thread+0xa0/0x6f0\n\nIt is because the race between writing event into cpu buffer and swapping\ncpu buffer through file per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot:\n\n  Write on CPU 0             Swap buffer by per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot on CPU 1\n  --------                   --------\n                             tracing_snapshot_write()\n                               [...]\n\n  ring_buffer_lock_reserve()\n    cpu_buffer = buffer-\u003ebuffers[cpu]; // 1. Suppose find \u0027cpu_buffer_a\u0027;\n    [...]\n    rb_reserve_next_event()\n      [...]\n\n                               ring_buffer_swap_cpu()\n                                 if (local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer_a-\u003ecommitting))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 if (local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer_b-\u003ecommitting))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 buffer_a-\u003ebuffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;\n                                 buffer_b-\u003ebuffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;\n                                 // 2. cpu_buffer has swapped here.\n\n      rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);\n      if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer-\u003ebuffer)\n          != buffer)) { // 3. This check passed due to \u0027cpu_buffer-\u003ebuffer\u0027\n        [...]           //    has not changed here.\n        return NULL;\n      }\n                                 cpu_buffer_b-\u003ebuffer = buffer_a;\n                                 cpu_buffer_a-\u003ebuffer = buffer_b;\n                                 [...]\n\n      // 4. Reserve event from \u0027cpu_buffer_a\u0027.\n\n  ring_buffer_unlock_commit()\n    [...]\n    cpu_buffer = buffer-\u003ebuffers[cpu]; // 5. Now find \u0027cpu_buffer_b\u0027 !!!\n    rb_commit(cpu_buffer)\n      rb_end_commit()  // 6. WARN for the wrong \u0027committing\u0027 state !!!\n\nBased on above analysis, we can easily reproduce by following testcase:\n  ``` bash\n  #!/bin/bash\n\n  dmesg -n 7\n  sysctl -w kernel.panic_on_warn=1\n  TR=/sys/kernel/tracing\n  echo 7 \u003e ${TR}/buffer_size_kb\n  echo \"sched:sched_switch\" \u003e ${TR}/set_event\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  ```\n\nTo fix it, IIUC, we can use smp_call_function_single() to do the swap on\nthe target cpu where the buffer is located, so that above race would be\navoided."
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                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.3",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.5",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap\n\nWarning happened in rb_end_commit() at code:\n\tif (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer-\u003ecommitting)))\n\n  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 139 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:3142\n\trb_commit+0x402/0x4a0\n  Call Trace:\n   ring_buffer_unlock_commit+0x42/0x250\n   trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs+0x3b/0x250\n   trace_event_buffer_commit+0xe5/0x440\n   trace_event_buffer_reserve+0x11c/0x150\n   trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x23c/0x2c0\n   __traceiter_sched_switch+0x59/0x80\n   __schedule+0x72b/0x1580\n   schedule+0x92/0x120\n   worker_thread+0xa0/0x6f0\n\nIt is because the race between writing event into cpu buffer and swapping\ncpu buffer through file per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot:\n\n  Write on CPU 0             Swap buffer by per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot on CPU 1\n  --------                   --------\n                             tracing_snapshot_write()\n                               [...]\n\n  ring_buffer_lock_reserve()\n    cpu_buffer = buffer-\u003ebuffers[cpu]; // 1. Suppose find \u0027cpu_buffer_a\u0027;\n    [...]\n    rb_reserve_next_event()\n      [...]\n\n                               ring_buffer_swap_cpu()\n                                 if (local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer_a-\u003ecommitting))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 if (local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer_b-\u003ecommitting))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 buffer_a-\u003ebuffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;\n                                 buffer_b-\u003ebuffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;\n                                 // 2. cpu_buffer has swapped here.\n\n      rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);\n      if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer-\u003ebuffer)\n          != buffer)) { // 3. This check passed due to \u0027cpu_buffer-\u003ebuffer\u0027\n        [...]           //    has not changed here.\n        return NULL;\n      }\n                                 cpu_buffer_b-\u003ebuffer = buffer_a;\n                                 cpu_buffer_a-\u003ebuffer = buffer_b;\n                                 [...]\n\n      // 4. Reserve event from \u0027cpu_buffer_a\u0027.\n\n  ring_buffer_unlock_commit()\n    [...]\n    cpu_buffer = buffer-\u003ebuffers[cpu]; // 5. Now find \u0027cpu_buffer_b\u0027 !!!\n    rb_commit(cpu_buffer)\n      rb_end_commit()  // 6. WARN for the wrong \u0027committing\u0027 state !!!\n\nBased on above analysis, we can easily reproduce by following testcase:\n  ``` bash\n  #!/bin/bash\n\n  dmesg -n 7\n  sysctl -w kernel.panic_on_warn=1\n  TR=/sys/kernel/tracing\n  echo 7 \u003e ${TR}/buffer_size_kb\n  echo \"sched:sched_switch\" \u003e ${TR}/set_event\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  ```\n\nTo fix it, IIUC, we can use smp_call_function_single() to do the swap on\nthe target cpu where the buffer is located, so that above race would be\navoided."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2023-53368",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:45:07.260",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
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              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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          "ssvcV203": [
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              "ssvcData": {
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                "options": [
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                    "exploitation": "none"
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                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-01-14T18:46:08.777326Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-09-17T15:15:41.220",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
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          },
          {
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            "tags": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37ca1b686078b00cc4ffa008e2190615f7709b5d"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74c85396bd73eca80b96510b4edf93b9a3aff75f"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89c89da92a60028013f9539be0dcce7e44405a43"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90e037cabc2c2dfc39b3dd9c5b22ea91f995539a"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c5d30d6aa83d99fba8dfdd9cf6c4e4e7a63244db"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-362"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-362"
              }
            ],
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-29T22:19:36+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53368",
      "id": "CVE-2023-53368",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: tracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-53368.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                  "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                  "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "baseScore": 4.7,
                  "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                  "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                  "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2023-53368",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-01-14T18:46:08.777326Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-362",
                    "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (\u0027Race Condition\u0027)",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T18:46:04.570Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "kernel/trace/trace.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "90e037cabc2c2dfc39b3dd9c5b22ea91f995539a",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "c5d30d6aa83d99fba8dfdd9cf6c4e4e7a63244db",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "6182318ac04648b46db9d441fd7d696337fcdd0b",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "74c85396bd73eca80b96510b4edf93b9a3aff75f",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "89c89da92a60028013f9539be0dcce7e44405a43",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "37ca1b686078b00cc4ffa008e2190615f7709b5d",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "3163f635b20e9e1fb4659e74f47918c9dddfe64e",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "f1affcaaa861f27752a769f889bf1486ebd301fe",
                  "versionType": "git"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "affected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "kernel/trace/trace.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "3.10"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "3.10",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.4.257",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.10.195",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.15.132",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.1.53",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.4.16",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.5.3",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.6",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.257",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.195",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.132",
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                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.53",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.16",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.3",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.6",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
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          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap\n\nWarning happened in rb_end_commit() at code:\n\tif (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer-\u003ecommitting)))\n\n  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 139 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:3142\n\trb_commit+0x402/0x4a0\n  Call Trace:\n   ring_buffer_unlock_commit+0x42/0x250\n   trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs+0x3b/0x250\n   trace_event_buffer_commit+0xe5/0x440\n   trace_event_buffer_reserve+0x11c/0x150\n   trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x23c/0x2c0\n   __traceiter_sched_switch+0x59/0x80\n   __schedule+0x72b/0x1580\n   schedule+0x92/0x120\n   worker_thread+0xa0/0x6f0\n\nIt is because the race between writing event into cpu buffer and swapping\ncpu buffer through file per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot:\n\n  Write on CPU 0             Swap buffer by per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot on CPU 1\n  --------                   --------\n                             tracing_snapshot_write()\n                               [...]\n\n  ring_buffer_lock_reserve()\n    cpu_buffer = buffer-\u003ebuffers[cpu]; // 1. Suppose find \u0027cpu_buffer_a\u0027;\n    [...]\n    rb_reserve_next_event()\n      [...]\n\n                               ring_buffer_swap_cpu()\n                                 if (local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer_a-\u003ecommitting))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 if (local_read(\u0026cpu_buffer_b-\u003ecommitting))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 buffer_a-\u003ebuffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;\n                                 buffer_b-\u003ebuffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;\n                                 // 2. cpu_buffer has swapped here.\n\n      rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);\n      if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer-\u003ebuffer)\n          != buffer)) { // 3. This check passed due to \u0027cpu_buffer-\u003ebuffer\u0027\n        [...]           //    has not changed here.\n        return NULL;\n      }\n                                 cpu_buffer_b-\u003ebuffer = buffer_a;\n                                 cpu_buffer_a-\u003ebuffer = buffer_b;\n                                 [...]\n\n      // 4. Reserve event from \u0027cpu_buffer_a\u0027.\n\n  ring_buffer_unlock_commit()\n    [...]\n    cpu_buffer = buffer-\u003ebuffers[cpu]; // 5. Now find \u0027cpu_buffer_b\u0027 !!!\n    rb_commit(cpu_buffer)\n      rb_end_commit()  // 6. WARN for the wrong \u0027committing\u0027 state !!!\n\nBased on above analysis, we can easily reproduce by following testcase:\n  ``` bash\n  #!/bin/bash\n\n  dmesg -n 7\n  sysctl -w kernel.panic_on_warn=1\n  TR=/sys/kernel/tracing\n  echo 7 \u003e ${TR}/buffer_size_kb\n  echo \"sched:sched_switch\" \u003e ${TR}/set_event\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 \u003e ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done \u0026\n  ```\n\nTo fix it, IIUC, we can use smp_call_function_single() to do the swap on\nthe target cpu where the buffer is located, so that above race would be\navoided."
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T19:43:35.800Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
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              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90e037cabc2c2dfc39b3dd9c5b22ea91f995539a"
            },
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              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c5d30d6aa83d99fba8dfdd9cf6c4e4e7a63244db"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6182318ac04648b46db9d441fd7d696337fcdd0b"
            },
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              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74c85396bd73eca80b96510b4edf93b9a3aff75f"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89c89da92a60028013f9539be0dcce7e44405a43"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37ca1b686078b00cc4ffa008e2190615f7709b5d"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3163f635b20e9e1fb4659e74f47918c9dddfe64e"
            }
          ],
          "title": "tracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2023-53368",
        "datePublished": "2025-09-17T14:56:56.752Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-09-17T14:54:09.734Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T19:43:35.800Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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