CVE-2023-45288 (GCVE-0-2023-45288)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-04 20:37 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:17
VLAI
Title
HTTP/2 CONTINUATION flood in net/http
Summary
An attacker may cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data by sending an excessive number of CONTINUATION frames. Maintaining HPACK state requires parsing and processing all HEADERS and CONTINUATION frames on a connection. When a request's headers exceed MaxHeaderBytes, no memory is allocated to store the excess headers, but they are still parsed. This permits an attacker to cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data, all associated with a request which is going to be rejected. These headers can include Huffman-encoded data which is significantly more expensive for the receiver to decode than for an attacker to send. The fix sets a limit on the amount of excess header frames we will process before closing a connection.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
Go
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Go standard library net/http Affected: 0 , < 1.21.9 (semver)
Affected: 1.22.0-0 , < 1.22.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
golang.org/x/net golang.org/x/net/http2 Affected: 0 , < 0.23.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
go_standard_library net\/http Affected: 0 , < 1.21.9 (custom)
Affected: 1.22.0-0 , < 1.22.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:go_standard_library:net\/http:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
golang http2 Affected: 0 , < 0.23.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:golang:http2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bartek Nowotarski (https://nowotarski.info/)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "value": "Bartek Nowotarski (https://nowotarski.info/)"
        }
      ],
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        {
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          "value": "An attacker may cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data by sending an excessive number of CONTINUATION frames. Maintaining HPACK state requires parsing and processing all HEADERS and CONTINUATION frames on a connection. When a request\u0027s headers exceed MaxHeaderBytes, no memory is allocated to store the excess headers, but they are still parsed. This permits an attacker to cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data, all associated with a request which is going to be rejected. These headers can include Huffman-encoded data which is significantly more expensive for the receiver to decode than for an attacker to send. The fix sets a limit on the amount of excess header frames we will process before closing a connection."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-05-01T17:10:07.754Z",
        "orgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
        "shortName": "Go"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://go.dev/issue/65051"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://go.dev/cl/576155"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/YgW0sx8mN3M"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2687"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240419-0009/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QRYFHIQ6XRKRYBI2F5UESH67BJBQXUPT/"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/05/4"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/03/16"
        }
      ],
      "title": "HTTP/2 CONTINUATION flood in net/http"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Go",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-45288",
    "datePublished": "2024-04-04T20:37:30.714Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-10-06T17:06:26.221Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T18:17:43.583Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
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      "date": "2026-07-02",
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      "percentile": "0.99806"
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\"product\": \"net\\\\/http\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.21.9\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.22.0-0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.22.2\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:golang:http2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"vendor\": \"golang\", \"product\": \"http2\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"0.23.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-26T20:39:55.687Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"HTTP/2 CONTINUATION flood in net/http\", \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Bartek Nowotarski (https://nowotarski.info/)\"}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Go standard library\", \"product\": \"net/http\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.21.9\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.22.0-0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.22.2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"packageName\": \"net/http\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://pkg.go.dev\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\", \"programRoutines\": [{\"name\": \"http2Framer.readMetaFrame\"}, {\"name\": \"CanonicalHeaderKey\"}, {\"name\": \"Client.CloseIdleConnections\"}, {\"name\": \"Client.Do\"}, {\"name\": \"Client.Get\"}, {\"name\": \"Client.Head\"}, {\"name\": \"Client.Post\"}, {\"name\": \"Client.PostForm\"}, {\"name\": \"Cookie.String\"}, {\"name\": \"Cookie.Valid\"}, {\"name\": \"Dir.Open\"}, {\"name\": \"Error\"}, {\"name\": \"Get\"}, {\"name\": \"HandlerFunc.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"Head\"}, {\"name\": \"Header.Add\"}, {\"name\": \"Header.Del\"}, {\"name\": \"Header.Get\"}, {\"name\": \"Header.Set\"}, {\"name\": \"Header.Values\"}, {\"name\": \"Header.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"Header.WriteSubset\"}, {\"name\": \"ListenAndServe\"}, {\"name\": \"ListenAndServeTLS\"}, {\"name\": \"NewRequest\"}, {\"name\": \"NewRequestWithContext\"}, {\"name\": \"NotFound\"}, {\"name\": \"ParseTime\"}, {\"name\": \"Post\"}, {\"name\": \"PostForm\"}, {\"name\": \"ProxyFromEnvironment\"}, {\"name\": \"ReadRequest\"}, {\"name\": \"ReadResponse\"}, {\"name\": \"Redirect\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.AddCookie\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.BasicAuth\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.FormFile\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.FormValue\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.MultipartReader\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.ParseForm\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.ParseMultipartForm\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.PostFormValue\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.Referer\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.SetBasicAuth\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.UserAgent\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"Request.WriteProxy\"}, {\"name\": \"Response.Cookies\"}, {\"name\": \"Response.Location\"}, {\"name\": \"Response.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"ResponseController.EnableFullDuplex\"}, {\"name\": \"ResponseController.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"ResponseController.Hijack\"}, {\"name\": \"ResponseController.SetReadDeadline\"}, {\"name\": \"ResponseController.SetWriteDeadline\"}, {\"name\": \"Serve\"}, {\"name\": \"ServeContent\"}, {\"name\": \"ServeFile\"}, {\"name\": \"ServeMux.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"ServeTLS\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.ListenAndServe\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.ListenAndServeTLS\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.Serve\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.ServeTLS\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.SetKeepAlivesEnabled\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.Shutdown\"}, {\"name\": \"SetCookie\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.CancelRequest\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.Clone\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.CloseIdleConnections\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"body.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"body.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"bodyEOFSignal.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"bodyEOFSignal.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"bodyLocked.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"bufioFlushWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"cancelTimerBody.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"cancelTimerBody.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"checkConnErrorWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"chunkWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"connReader.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"connectMethodKey.String\"}, {\"name\": \"expectContinueReader.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"expectContinueReader.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"extraHeader.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"fileHandler.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"fileTransport.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"globalOptionsHandler.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"gzipReader.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"gzipReader.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"http2ClientConn.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"http2ClientConn.Ping\"}, {\"name\": \"http2ClientConn.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"http2ClientConn.Shutdown\"}, {\"name\": \"http2ConnectionError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2ErrCode.String\"}, {\"name\": \"http2FrameHeader.String\"}, {\"name\": \"http2FrameType.String\"}, {\"name\": \"http2FrameWriteRequest.String\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.ReadFrame\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteContinuation\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteData\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteDataPadded\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteGoAway\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteHeaders\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WritePing\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WritePriority\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WritePushPromise\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteRSTStream\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteRawFrame\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteSettings\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteSettingsAck\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Framer.WriteWindowUpdate\"}, {\"name\": \"http2GoAwayError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Server.ServeConn\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Setting.String\"}, {\"name\": \"http2SettingID.String\"}, {\"name\": \"http2SettingsFrame.ForeachSetting\"}, {\"name\": \"http2StreamError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Transport.CloseIdleConnections\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Transport.NewClientConn\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Transport.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"http2Transport.RoundTripOpt\"}, {\"name\": \"http2bufferedWriter.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"http2bufferedWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"http2chunkWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"http2clientConnPool.GetClientConn\"}, {\"name\": \"http2connError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2dataBuffer.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"http2duplicatePseudoHeaderError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2gzipReader.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"http2gzipReader.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"http2headerFieldNameError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2headerFieldValueError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2noDialClientConnPool.GetClientConn\"}, {\"name\": \"http2noDialH2RoundTripper.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"http2pipe.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"http2priorityWriteScheduler.CloseStream\"}, {\"name\": \"http2priorityWriteScheduler.OpenStream\"}, {\"name\": \"http2pseudoHeaderError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"http2requestBody.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"http2requestBody.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.FlushError\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.Push\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.SetReadDeadline\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.SetWriteDeadline\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.WriteHeader\"}, {\"name\": \"http2responseWriter.WriteString\"}, {\"name\": \"http2roundRobinWriteScheduler.OpenStream\"}, {\"name\": \"http2serverConn.CloseConn\"}, {\"name\": \"http2serverConn.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"http2stickyErrWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"http2transportResponseBody.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"http2transportResponseBody.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"http2writeData.String\"}, {\"name\": \"initALPNRequest.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"loggingConn.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"loggingConn.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"loggingConn.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"maxBytesReader.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"maxBytesReader.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"onceCloseListener.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"persistConn.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"persistConnWriter.ReadFrom\"}, {\"name\": \"persistConnWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"populateResponse.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"populateResponse.WriteHeader\"}, {\"name\": \"readTrackingBody.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"readTrackingBody.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"readWriteCloserBody.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"redirectHandler.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"response.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"response.FlushError\"}, {\"name\": \"response.Hijack\"}, {\"name\": \"response.ReadFrom\"}, {\"name\": \"response.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"response.WriteHeader\"}, {\"name\": \"response.WriteString\"}, {\"name\": \"serverHandler.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"socksDialer.DialWithConn\"}, {\"name\": \"socksUsernamePassword.Authenticate\"}, {\"name\": \"stringWriter.WriteString\"}, {\"name\": \"timeoutHandler.ServeHTTP\"}, {\"name\": \"timeoutWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"timeoutWriter.WriteHeader\"}, {\"name\": \"transportReadFromServerError.Error\"}]}, {\"vendor\": \"golang.org/x/net\", \"product\": \"golang.org/x/net/http2\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"0.23.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"packageName\": \"golang.org/x/net/http2\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://pkg.go.dev\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\", \"programRoutines\": [{\"name\": \"Framer.readMetaFrame\"}, {\"name\": \"ClientConn.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"ClientConn.Ping\"}, {\"name\": \"ClientConn.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"ClientConn.Shutdown\"}, {\"name\": \"ConfigureServer\"}, {\"name\": \"ConfigureTransport\"}, {\"name\": \"ConfigureTransports\"}, {\"name\": \"ConnectionError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"ErrCode.String\"}, {\"name\": \"FrameHeader.String\"}, {\"name\": \"FrameType.String\"}, {\"name\": \"FrameWriteRequest.String\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.ReadFrame\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteContinuation\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteData\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteDataPadded\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteGoAway\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteHeaders\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WritePing\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WritePriority\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WritePushPromise\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteRSTStream\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteRawFrame\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteSettings\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteSettingsAck\"}, {\"name\": \"Framer.WriteWindowUpdate\"}, {\"name\": \"GoAwayError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"ReadFrameHeader\"}, {\"name\": \"Server.ServeConn\"}, {\"name\": \"Setting.String\"}, {\"name\": \"SettingID.String\"}, {\"name\": \"SettingsFrame.ForeachSetting\"}, {\"name\": \"StreamError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.CloseIdleConnections\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.NewClientConn\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"Transport.RoundTripOpt\"}, {\"name\": \"bufferedWriter.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"bufferedWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"chunkWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"clientConnPool.GetClientConn\"}, {\"name\": \"connError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"dataBuffer.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"duplicatePseudoHeaderError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"gzipReader.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"gzipReader.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"headerFieldNameError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"headerFieldValueError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"noDialClientConnPool.GetClientConn\"}, {\"name\": \"noDialH2RoundTripper.RoundTrip\"}, {\"name\": \"pipe.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"priorityWriteScheduler.CloseStream\"}, {\"name\": \"priorityWriteScheduler.OpenStream\"}, {\"name\": \"pseudoHeaderError.Error\"}, {\"name\": \"requestBody.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"requestBody.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.FlushError\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.Push\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.SetReadDeadline\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.SetWriteDeadline\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.WriteHeader\"}, {\"name\": \"responseWriter.WriteString\"}, {\"name\": \"roundRobinWriteScheduler.OpenStream\"}, {\"name\": \"serverConn.CloseConn\"}, {\"name\": \"serverConn.Flush\"}, {\"name\": \"stickyErrWriter.Write\"}, {\"name\": \"transportResponseBody.Close\"}, {\"name\": \"transportResponseBody.Read\"}, {\"name\": \"writeData.String\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://go.dev/issue/65051\"}, {\"url\": \"https://go.dev/cl/576155\"}, {\"url\": \"https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/YgW0sx8mN3M\"}, {\"url\": \"https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2687\"}, {\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240419-0009/\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QRYFHIQ6XRKRYBI2F5UESH67BJBQXUPT/\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/05/4\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/03/16\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"An attacker may cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data by sending an excessive number of CONTINUATION frames. Maintaining HPACK state requires parsing and processing all HEADERS and CONTINUATION frames on a connection. When a request\u0027s headers exceed MaxHeaderBytes, no memory is allocated to store the excess headers, but they are still parsed. This permits an attacker to cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data, all associated with a request which is going to be rejected. These headers can include Huffman-encoded data which is significantly more expensive for the receiver to decode than for an attacker to send. The fix sets a limit on the amount of excess header frames we will process before closing a connection.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"description\": \"CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc\", \"shortName\": \"Go\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-05-01T17:10:07.754Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-45288\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-04T18:17:43.583Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-10-06T17:06:26.221Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc\", \"datePublished\": \"2024-04-04T20:37:30.714Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Go\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.