Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2023-34234 (GCVE-0-2023-34234)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-07 17:06 – Updated: 2025-02-06 16:55

Title

Governor proposal creation may be blocked by frontrunning in OpenZeppelin

Summary

OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. By frontrunning the creation of a proposal, an attacker can become the proposer and gain the ability to cancel it. The attacker can do this repeatedly to try to prevent a proposal from being proposed at all. This impacts the `Governor` contract in v4.9.0 only, and the `GovernorCompatibilityBravo` contract since v4.3.0. This problem has been patched in 4.9.1 by introducing opt-in frontrunning protection. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may submit the proposal creation transaction to an endpoint with frontrunning protection as a workaround.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-06 20:13 UTC

CWE

CWE-862 - Missing Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7994 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-cont…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-cont…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
OpenZeppelin	openzeppelin-contracts	Affected: >=4.3.0, < 4.9.1	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2023-34234

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2023-06-07 18:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 06:03

Severity

5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2	Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2	Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	openzeppelin	contracts	*
	openzeppelin	contracts_upgradeable	*

JSON

To clipboard

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          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "baseScore": 5.3,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2023-34234",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-01-06T20:13:05.735831Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2023-06-07T18:15:09.977",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-862"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    },
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5H3X-9WVQ-W4M2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-08 18:03 – Updated: 2023-06-08 18:03

Summary

OpenZeppelin Contracts's governor proposal creation may be blocked by frontrunning

Details

Impact

By frontrunning the creation of a proposal, an attacker can become the proposer and gain the ability to cancel it. The attacker can do this repeatedly to try to prevent a proposal from being proposed at all.

This impacts the Governor contract in v4.9.0 only, and the GovernorCompatibilityBravo contract since v4.3.0.

Patches

The problem has been patched in 4.9.1 by introducing opt-in frontrunning protection.

Workarounds

Submit the proposal creation transaction to an endpoint with frontrunning protection.

Credit

Reported by Lior Abadi and Joaquin Pereyra from Coinspect.

References

https://www.coinspect.com/openzeppelin-governor-dos/

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@openzeppelin/contracts"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.9.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.9.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34234"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-08T18:03:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T18:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nBy frontrunning the creation of a proposal, an attacker can become the proposer and gain the ability to cancel it. The attacker can do this repeatedly to try to prevent a proposal from being proposed at all.\n\nThis impacts the `Governor` contract in v4.9.0 only, and the `GovernorCompatibilityBravo` contract since v4.3.0.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in 4.9.1 by introducing opt-in frontrunning protection.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nSubmit the proposal creation transaction to an endpoint with frontrunning protection.\n\n### Credit\n\nReported by Lior Abadi and Joaquin Pereyra from Coinspect.\n\n### References\n\nhttps://www.coinspect.com/openzeppelin-governor-dos/",
  "id": "GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2",
  "modified": "2023-06-08T18:03:11Z",
  "published": "2023-06-08T18:03:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34234"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/commit/66f390fa516b550838e2c2f65132b5bc2afe1ced"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenZeppelin Contracts\u0027s governor proposal creation may be blocked by frontrunning"
}

GSD-2023-34234

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2023-12-13 01:20

Details

Aliases

CVE-2023-34234

Aliases

CVE-2023-34234

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2023-34234",
    "id": "GSD-2023-34234"
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2023-34234"
      ],
      "details": " OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. By frontrunning the creation of a proposal, an attacker can become the proposer and gain the ability to cancel it. The attacker can do this repeatedly to try to prevent a proposal from being proposed at all. This impacts the `Governor` contract in v4.9.0 only, and the `GovernorCompatibilityBravo` contract since v4.3.0. This problem has been patched in 4.9.1 by introducing opt-in frontrunning protection. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may submit the proposal creation transaction to an endpoint with frontrunning protection as a workaround.",
      "id": "GSD-2023-34234",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:20:30.886653Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
    "cve.org": {
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        "ASSIGNER": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "ID": "CVE-2023-34234",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
      "affects": {
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          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
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                  {
                    "product_name": "openzeppelin-contracts",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_affected": "=",
                          "version_value": "\u003e=4.3.0, \u003c 4.9.1"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
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            }
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      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
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            "value": " OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. By frontrunning the creation of a proposal, an attacker can become the proposer and gain the ability to cancel it. The attacker can do this repeatedly to try to prevent a proposal from being proposed at all. This impacts the `Governor` contract in v4.9.0 only, and the `GovernorCompatibilityBravo` contract since v4.3.0. This problem has been patched in 4.9.1 by introducing opt-in frontrunning protection. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may submit the proposal creation transaction to an endpoint with frontrunning protection as a workaround."
          }
        ]
      },
      "impact": {
        "cvss": [
          {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
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      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
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            "description": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-862",
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2",
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            "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57"
          }
        ]
      },
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      }
    },
    "gitlab.com": {
      "advisories": [
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003e=4.3.0 \u003c4.9.1",
          "affected_versions": "All versions starting from 4.3.0 before 4.9.1",
          "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2023-06-08",
          "description": " OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. By frontrunning the creation of a proposal, an attacker can become the proposer and gain the ability to cancel it. The attacker can do this repeatedly to try to prevent a proposal from being proposed at all. This impacts the `Governor` contract in v4.9.0 only, and the `GovernorCompatibilityBravo` contract since v4.3.0. This problem has been patched in 4.9.1 by introducing opt-in frontrunning protection. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may submit the proposal creation transaction to an endpoint with frontrunning protection as a workaround.",
          "fixed_versions": [
            "4.9.1"
          ],
          "identifier": "CVE-2023-34234",
          "identifiers": [
            "GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2",
            "CVE-2023-34234"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "All versions before 4.3.0, all versions starting from 4.9.1",
          "package_slug": "npm/@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable",
          "pubdate": "2023-06-08",
          "solution": "Upgrade to version 4.9.1 or above.",
          "title": "OpenZeppelin Contracts\u0027s governor proposal creation may be blocked by frontrunning",
          "urls": [
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2",
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34234",
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57",
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.1",
            "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2"
          ],
          "uuid": "97ab7f40-d5e7-4052-a8c9-01890485b9a2"
        },
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003e=4.3.0 \u003c4.9.1",
          "affected_versions": "All versions starting from 4.3.0 before 4.9.1",
          "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-937",
            "CWE-340"
          ],
          "date": "2023-06-15",
          "description": " OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. By frontrunning the creation of a proposal, an attacker can become the proposer and gain the ability to cancel it. The attacker can do this repeatedly to try to prevent a proposal from being proposed at all. This impacts the `Governor` contract in v4.9.0 only, and the `GovernorCompatibilityBravo` contract since v4.3.0. This problem has been patched in 4.9.1 by introducing opt-in frontrunning protection. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may submit the proposal creation transaction to an endpoint with frontrunning protection as a workaround.",
          "fixed_versions": [
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          ],
          "identifier": "CVE-2023-34234",
          "identifiers": [
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            "GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "All versions before 4.3.0, all versions starting from 4.9.1",
          "package_slug": "npm/@openzeppelin/contracts",
          "pubdate": "2023-06-07",
          "solution": "Upgrade to version 4.9.1 or above.",
          "title": "Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers",
          "urls": [
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34234",
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d9474327a492f9f310f31bc53f38dbea56ed9a57",
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          ],
          "uuid": "fdadf513-1182-4f52-9e14-344c2de9634c"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:openzeppelin:contracts_upgradeable:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "versionEndExcluding": "4.9.1",
                "versionStartIncluding": "4.3.0",
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              },
              {
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                "versionEndExcluding": "4.9.1",
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                "vulnerable": true
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            ],
            "operator": "OR"
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        "data_version": "4.0",
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            }
          ]
        },
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              "tags": [
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            },
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              "name": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-5h3x-9wvq-w4m2",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "tags": [
                "Vendor Advisory"
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      "impact": {
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            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
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        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2023-06-15T12:58Z",
      "publishedDate": "2023-06-07T18:15Z"
    }
  }
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

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Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Action not permitted

CVE-2023-34234 (GCVE-0-2023-34234)

FKIE_CVE-2023-34234

GHSA-5H3X-9WVQ-W4M2

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

Credit

References

GSD-2023-34234

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

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