CVE-2023-28321 (GCVE-0-2023-28321)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-26 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-15 15:54
VLAI
Summary
An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl <v8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as "Subject Alternative Name" in TLS server certificates. curl can be built to use its own name matching function for TLS rather than one provided by a TLS library. This private wildcard matching function would match IDN (International Domain Name) hosts incorrectly and could as a result accept patterns that otherwise should mismatch. IDN hostnames are converted to puny code before used for certificate checks. Puny coded names always start with `xn--` and should not be allowed to pattern match, but the wildcard check in curl could still check for `x*`, which would match even though the IDN name most likely contained nothing even resembling an `x`.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-15 15:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 59/100 over 216 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
n/a https://github.com/curl/curl Affected: Fixed in 8.1.0
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T12:38:24.939Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2023-37eac50e9b",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2023-8ed627bb04",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845"
          },
          {
            "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-6 macOS Big Sur 11.7.9",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52"
          },
          {
            "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-5 macOS Monterey 12.6.8",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48"
          },
          {
            "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-4 macOS Ventura 13.5",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47"
          },
          {
            "name": "GLSA-202310-12",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20231011 [SECURITY] [DLA 3613-1] curl security update",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
              "baseScore": 5.9,
              "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
              "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-28321",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-01-15T15:54:13.258889Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-01-15T15:54:33.745Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "https://github.com/curl/curl",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "Fixed in 8.1.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl \u003cv8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as \"Subject Alternative Name\" in TLS server certificates. curl can be built to use its own name matching function for TLS rather than one provided by a TLS library. This private wildcard matching function would match IDN (International Domain Name) hosts incorrectly and could as a result accept patterns that otherwise should mismatch. IDN hostnames are converted to puny code before used for certificate checks. Puny coded names always start with `xn--` and should not be allowed to pattern match, but the wildcard check in curl could still check for `x*`, which would match even though the IDN name most likely contained nothing even resembling an `x`."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-295",
              "description": "Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-10-11T14:06:17.325Z",
        "orgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
        "shortName": "hackerone"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2023-37eac50e9b",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2023-8ed627bb04",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845"
        },
        {
          "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-6 macOS Big Sur 11.7.9",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52"
        },
        {
          "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-5 macOS Monterey 12.6.8",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48"
        },
        {
          "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-4 macOS Ventura 13.5",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47"
        },
        {
          "name": "GLSA-202310-12",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
        },
        {
          "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20231011 [SECURITY] [DLA 3613-1] curl security update",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
    "assignerShortName": "hackerone",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-28321",
    "datePublished": "2023-05-26T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-03-14T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-01-15T15:54:33.745Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-28321",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "epss": "0.01806",
      "percentile": "0.78546"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-02-18T02:40:44.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-28321",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2023-28321",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-05-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "5",
      "product_status:known_affected": "5",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl \u003cv8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as \"Subject Alternative Name\" in TLS server certificates. curl can be built to use its own name matching function for TLS rather than one provided by a TLS library. This private wildcard matching function would match IDN (International Domain Name) hosts incorrectly and could as a result accept patterns that otherwise should mismatch. IDN hostnames are converted to puny code before used for certificate checks. Puny coded names always start with `xn--` and should not be allowed to pattern match but the wildcard check in curl could still check for `x*` which would match even though the IDN name most likely contained nothing even resembling an `x`.",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2023/msrc_cve-2023-28321.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "https://github.com/curl/curl",
                "vendor": "n/a",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "Fixed in 8.1.0"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "support@hackerone.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:haxx:curl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "376FCCEF-74BD-4A99-8A1E-B70A83D89E71",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "8.1.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "07B237A9-69A3-4A9C-9DA0-4E06BD37AE73",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:37:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "E30D0E6F-4AE8-4284-8716-991DFA48CC5D",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "CC559B26-5DFC-4B7A-A27C-B77DE755DFF9",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:clustered_data_ontap:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "1FE996B1-6951-4F85-AA58-B99A379D2163",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:ontap_antivirus_connector:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "759D1A24-B23B-404E-AD39-F18D7DBAD501",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h300s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "6770B6C3-732E-4E22-BF1C-2D2FD610061C",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h300s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "9F9C8C20-42EB-4AB5-BD97-212DEB070C43",
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h500s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "7FFF7106-ED78-49BA-9EC5-B889E3685D53",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h500s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "E63D8B0F-006E-4801-BF9D-1C001BBFB4F9",
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h700s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "56409CEC-5A1E-4450-AA42-641E459CC2AF",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h700s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "B06F4839-D16A-4A61-9BB5-55B13F41E47F",
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h410s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "D0B4AD8A-F172-4558-AEC6-FF424BA2D912",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h410s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "8497A4C9-8474-4A62-8331-3FE862ED4098",
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "FB5312D6-AEEA-4548-B3EF-B07B46168475",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "11.7.9",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "11.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "5B763A1F-C183-4728-B593-67558FD9FC36",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "12.6.8",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "12.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "3D701507-146E-4E5B-8C32-60E797E46627",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "13.5",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "13.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl \u003cv8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as \"Subject Alternative Name\" in TLS server certificates. curl can be built to use its own name matching function for TLS rather than one provided by a TLS library. This private wildcard matching function would match IDN (International Domain Name) hosts incorrectly and could as a result accept patterns that otherwise should mismatch. IDN hostnames are converted to puny code before used for certificate checks. Puny coded names always start with `xn--` and should not be allowed to pattern match, but the wildcard check in curl could still check for `x*`, which would match even though the IDN name most likely contained nothing even resembling an `x`."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "Una vulnerabilidad de validaci\u00f3n de certificado incorrecta existe en curl anterior a v8.1.0 en la forma en que soporta la coincidencia de patrones comod\u00edn cuando se lista como \u0027Subject Alternative Name\u0027 en certificados de servidor TLS. curl puede ser compilado para usar su propia funci\u00f3n de coincidencia de nombres para TLS en lugar de una proporcionada por una biblioteca TLS. Esta funci\u00f3n privada de coincidencia de comodines coincidir\u00eda incorrectamente con hosts IDN (International Domain Name) y podr\u00eda como resultado aceptar patrones que de otro modo deber\u00edan no coincidir. Los nombres de host IDN se convierten a puny code antes de ser usados para comprobaciones de certificado. Los nombres en puny code siempre comienzan con \u0027xn--\u0027 y no deber\u00edan permitirse para la coincidencia de patrones, pero la comprobaci\u00f3n de comod\u00edn en curl a\u00fan podr\u00eda buscar \u0027x*\u0027, lo que coincidir\u00eda aunque el nombre IDN muy probablemente no contuviera nada que se pareciera a una \u0027x\u0027."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2023-28321",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-23T23:10:00.157",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 5.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 5.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-28321",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-01-15T15:54:13.258889Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2023-05-26T21:15:16.020",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Patch",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844"
          },
          {
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Patch",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "support@hackerone.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-295"
              }
            ],
            "source": "support@hackerone.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-295"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-21T05:44:37+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-28321",
      "id": "CVE-2023-28321",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-05-17T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "249",
      "product_status:known_affected": "12",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "94",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "curl: IDN wildcard match may lead to Improper Cerificate Validation",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-28321.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T12:38:24.939Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627"
              },
              {
                "name": "FEDORA-2023-37eac50e9b",
                "tags": [
                  "vendor-advisory",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/"
              },
              {
                "name": "FEDORA-2023-8ed627bb04",
                "tags": [
                  "vendor-advisory",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/"
              },
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/"
              },
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843"
              },
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844"
              },
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845"
              },
              {
                "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-6 macOS Big Sur 11.7.9",
                "tags": [
                  "mailing-list",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52"
              },
              {
                "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-5 macOS Monterey 12.6.8",
                "tags": [
                  "mailing-list",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48"
              },
              {
                "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-4 macOS Ventura 13.5",
                "tags": [
                  "mailing-list",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47"
              },
              {
                "name": "GLSA-202310-12",
                "tags": [
                  "vendor-advisory",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
              },
              {
                "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20231011 [SECURITY] [DLA 3613-1] curl security update",
                "tags": [
                  "mailing-list",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                  "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                  "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                  "baseScore": 5.9,
                  "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                  "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2023-28321",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-01-15T15:54:13.258889Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-01-15T15:52:52.685Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "https://github.com/curl/curl",
              "vendor": "n/a",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "Fixed in 8.1.0"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl \u003cv8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as \"Subject Alternative Name\" in TLS server certificates. curl can be built to use its own name matching function for TLS rather than one provided by a TLS library. This private wildcard matching function would match IDN (International Domain Name) hosts incorrectly and could as a result accept patterns that otherwise should mismatch. IDN hostnames are converted to puny code before used for certificate checks. Puny coded names always start with `xn--` and should not be allowed to pattern match, but the wildcard check in curl could still check for `x*`, which would match even though the IDN name most likely contained nothing even resembling an `x`."
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-295",
                  "description": "Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2023-10-11T14:06:17.325Z",
            "orgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
            "shortName": "hackerone"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2023-37eac50e9b",
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2023-8ed627bb04",
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845"
            },
            {
              "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-6 macOS Big Sur 11.7.9",
              "tags": [
                "mailing-list"
              ],
              "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52"
            },
            {
              "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-5 macOS Monterey 12.6.8",
              "tags": [
                "mailing-list"
              ],
              "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48"
            },
            {
              "name": "20230725 APPLE-SA-2023-07-24-4 macOS Ventura 13.5",
              "tags": [
                "mailing-list"
              ],
              "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47"
            },
            {
              "name": "GLSA-202310-12",
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
            },
            {
              "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20231011 [SECURITY] [DLA 3613-1] curl security update",
              "tags": [
                "mailing-list"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
        "assignerShortName": "hackerone",
        "cveId": "CVE-2023-28321",
        "datePublished": "2023-05-26T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateReserved": "2023-03-14T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-01-15T15:54:33.745Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.