Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2021-4239 (GCVE-0-2021-4239)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-27 21:13 – Updated: 2025-04-14 16:59

Title

Weak encryption and denial of service in github.com/flynn/noise

Summary

The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-04-14 16:59 UTC

CWE

CWE 400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Assigner

Go CNA under the Google root

CNA scorecard E 42/100 over 73 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44
https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
github.com/flynn/noise	github.com/flynn/noise	Affected: 0 , < 1.0.0 (semver)	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2021-4239

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2022-12-27 22:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 04:19

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security@golang.org	https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44	Patch, Third Party Advisory
security@golang.org	https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425	Patch, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44	Patch, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425	Patch, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	noiseprotocol	noise	-

JSON

To clipboard

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        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2021-4239",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-04-14T16:59:11.062582Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2022-12-27T22:15:12.123",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security@golang.org",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@golang.org",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security@golang.org",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-311"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6CR6-FMVC-VW2P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-28 00:30 – Updated: 2023-02-09 21:41

Summary

Noise vulnerable to denial of service

Details

Noise is a Go implementation of the Noise Protocol Framework. The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages.

Severity

7.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/flynn/noise"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-4239"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-311"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-29T01:52:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-27T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Noise is a Go implementation of the Noise Protocol Framework. The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages.",
  "id": "GHSA-6cr6-fmvc-vw2p",
  "modified": "2023-02-09T21:41:23Z",
  "published": "2022-12-28T00:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4239"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/commit/2499bf1bad239a8316c32932a993642350b3afdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Noise vulnerable to denial of service"
}

GSD-2021-4239

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2023-12-13 01:23

Details

Aliases

CVE-2021-4239

Aliases

CVE-2021-4239

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2021-4239",
    "id": "GSD-2021-4239"
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2021-4239"
      ],
      "details": "The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages.",
      "id": "GSD-2021-4239",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:23:11.820804Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
    "cve.org": {
      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "security@golang.org",
        "ID": "CVE-2021-4239",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
      "affects": {
        "vendor": {
          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
                "product_data": [
                  {
                    "product_name": "github.com/flynn/noise",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_name": "0",
                          "version_value": "1.0.0"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "github.com/flynn/noise"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages."
          }
        ]
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "CWE 400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "gitlab.com": {
      "advisories": [
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003cv1.0.0",
          "affected_versions": "All versions before 1.0.0",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2022-12-29",
          "description": "The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages.",
          "fixed_versions": [
            "v1.0.0"
          ],
          "identifier": "CVE-2021-4239",
          "identifiers": [
            "GHSA-6cr6-fmvc-vw2p",
            "CVE-2021-4239"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "All versions starting from 1.0.0",
          "package_slug": "go/github.com/flynn/noise",
          "pubdate": "2022-12-28",
          "solution": "Upgrade to version 1.0.0 or above.",
          "title": "Noise vulnerable to uncontrolled resource consumption",
          "urls": [
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4239",
            "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44",
            "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425",
            "https://github.com/flynn/noise/commit/2499bf1bad239a8316c32932a993642350b3afdb",
            "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6cr6-fmvc-vw2p"
          ],
          "uuid": "8e320ac2-ca1a-4a0f-ae65-3e172d22a921",
          "versions": [
            {
              "commit": {
                "sha": "2499bf1bad239a8316c32932a993642350b3afdb",
                "tags": [
                  "v1.0.0"
                ],
                "timestamp": "20210422211002"
              },
              "number": "v1.0.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:noiseprotocol:noise:-:*:*:*:*:go:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      },
      "cve": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "security@golang.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2021-4239"
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CWE-311"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "tags": [
                "Patch",
                "Third Party Advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "tags": [
                "Patch",
                "Vendor Advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "impact": {
        "baseMetricV3": {
          "cvssV3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
          "impactScore": 3.6
        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2023-01-06T01:30Z",
      "publishedDate": "2022-12-27T22:15Z"
    }
  }
}

UBUNTU-CVE-2021-4239 (CVE-2021-4239)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2022-12-27 22:15 – Updated: 2026-10-17 09:08 – Source website

Details

Severity

7.5 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

7.5 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-4239	REPORT
	https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44	REPORT
	https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-4239	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "golang-github-flynn-noise-dev",
            "binary_version": "1.0.0-2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "golang-github-flynn-noise",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/golang-github-flynn-noise@1.0.0-2?arch=source\u0026distro=jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.0.0-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "golang-github-flynn-noise-dev",
            "binary_version": "1.0.0-2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "golang-github-flynn-noise",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/golang-github-flynn-noise@1.0.0-2?arch=source\u0026distro=noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.0.0-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "golang-github-flynn-noise-dev",
            "binary_version": "1.1.0-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:25.10",
        "name": "golang-github-flynn-noise",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/golang-github-flynn-noise@1.1.0-1?arch=source\u0026distro=questing"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.1.0-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "golang-github-flynn-noise-dev",
            "binary_version": "1.1.0-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.10",
        "name": "golang-github-flynn-noise",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/golang-github-flynn-noise@1.1.0-1?arch=source\u0026distro=stonking"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.1.0-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "golang-github-flynn-noise-dev",
            "binary_version": "1.1.0-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.04:LTS",
        "name": "golang-github-flynn-noise",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/golang-github-flynn-noise@1.1.0-1?arch=source\u0026distro=resolute"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.1.0-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "The Noise protocol implementation suffers from weakened cryptographic security after encrypting 2^64 messages, and a potential denial of service attack. After 2^64 (~18.4 quintillion) messages are encrypted with the Encrypt function, the nonce counter will wrap around, causing multiple messages to be encrypted with the same key and nonce. In a separate issue, the Decrypt function increments the nonce state even when it fails to decrypt a message. If an attacker can provide an invalid input to the Decrypt function, this will cause the nonce state to desynchronize between the peers, resulting in a failure to encrypt all subsequent messages.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2021-4239",
  "modified": "2026-10-17T09:08:06Z",
  "published": "2022-12-27T22:15:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-4239"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/flynn/noise/pull/44"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0425"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-4239"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2021-4239"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2021-4239 (GCVE-0-2021-4239)

FKIE_CVE-2021-4239

GHSA-6CR6-FMVC-VW2P

GSD-2021-4239

UBUNTU-CVE-2021-4239 (CVE-2021-4239)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

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