CVE-2016-3081 (GCVE-0-2016-3081)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2016-04-26 14:00 – Updated: 2026-10-08 19:58Summary
Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 17:40 UTC
CWE
- n/a
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
12 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665 | vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK |
| https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/ht… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/ | exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apach… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/ht… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Date Public
2016-04-19 00:00
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: a0945610-fc6d-4dd4-911e-d49aa9206abc
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-10-08
Asserted: 2026-10-08
Scope
Notes: Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability | Affected: Apache / Struts | Description: Apache Struts contains a command injection vulnerability that could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method:prefix when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled. | Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines. | Due date: 2026-10-11 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): This vulnerability could affect an open-source component, third-party library, protocol, or proprietary implementation that could be used by different products. For more information, please see: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-032 ; ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3081
Evidence
Type: Vendor Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 80%
Source: cisa-kev
Details
| Cwes | CWE-77 |
|---|---|
| Feed | CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog |
| Product | Struts |
| Due Date | 2026-10-11 |
| Date Added | 2026-10-08 |
| Vendorproject | Apache |
| Vulnerabilityname | Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability |
| Knownransomwarecampaignuse | Unknown |
References
Created: 2026-10-08 18:00 UTC
| Updated: 2026-10-08 18:00 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 6c49082f-b628-483f-a394-1af2816d7654
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-07-23
Asserted: 2026-07-23
Scope
Notes: Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to... | Affected: Apache / Struts | CVSS: 8.1 (HIGH) | EPSS: 0.93249 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: True
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: kevintel
Details
| Feed | KEVIntel (kevintel.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to... |
| Vendor | Apache |
| Product | Struts |
| Added Date | 2026-07-23T09:37:25.728Z |
| Cvss Score | 8.1 |
| Epss Score | 0.93249 |
| Cvss Severity | HIGH |
| Epss Percentile | 0.99824 |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | True |
References
Created: 2026-07-23 10:00 UTC
| Updated: 2026-07-23 10:00 UTC
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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