{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "protobuf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.18.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "protobuf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.19.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.19.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "protobuf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.20.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.20.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "protobuf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.21.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-1941"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-1286"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-23T20:31:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-22T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nA message parsing and memory management vulnerability in ProtocolBuffer\u2019s C++ and Python implementations can trigger an out of memory (OOM) failure when processing a specially crafted message, which could lead to a denial of service (DoS) on services using the libraries.\n\nReporter: [ClusterFuzz](https://google.github.io/clusterfuzz/)\n\nAffected versions: All versions of C++ Protobufs (including Python) prior to the versions listed below.\n\n### Severity \u0026 Impact\nAs scored by google  \n**Medium 5.7** - [CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H](https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)  \nAsscored byt NIST  \n**High 7.5** - [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H](https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)\n\nA small (~500 KB) malicious payload can be constructed which causes the running service to allocate more than 3GB of RAM.\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\nFor reproduction details, please refer to the unit test that identifies the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.\n\n### Mitigation / Patching\n\nPlease update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n- protobuf-cpp (3.18.3, 3.19.5, 3.20.2, 3.21.6)\n- protobuf-python (3.18.3, 3.19.5, 3.20.2, 4.21.6)",
  "id": "GHSA-8gq9-2x98-w8hf",
  "modified": "2024-07-05T21:23:56Z",
  "published": "2022-09-23T20:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-8gq9-2x98-w8hf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1941"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cloud.google.com/support/bulletins#GCP-2022-019"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/04/msg00019.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CBAUKJQL6O4TIWYBENORSY5P43TVB4M3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MPCGUT3T5L6C3IDWUPSUO22QDCGQKTOP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CBAUKJQL6O4TIWYBENORSY5P43TVB4M3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MPCGUT3T5L6C3IDWUPSUO22QDCGQKTOP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240705-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/27/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "protobuf-cpp and protobuf-python have potential Denial of Service issue"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "protobuf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.25.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "protobuf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.26.0rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.29.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "protobuf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.30.0rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.31.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-4565"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-16T16:02:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-16T15:15:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAny project that uses Protobuf pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of **recursive groups**, **recursive messages** or **a series of [`SGROUP`](https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/#groups) tags** can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit.\n\nReporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team\n[ecosystem@trailofbits.com](mailto:ecosystem@trailofbits.com)\n\nAffected versions: This issue only affects the [pure-Python implementation](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/main/python#implementation-backends) of protobuf-python backend. This is the implementation when `PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=python` environment variable is set or the default when protobuf is used from Bazel or pure-Python PyPi wheels. CPython PyPi wheels do not use pure-Python by default.\n\nThis is a Python variant of a [previous issue affecting protobuf-java](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8).\n\n### Severity\nThis is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested protobuf data creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nFor reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests [decoder_test.py](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/main/python/google/protobuf/internal/decoder_test.py#L87-L98) and [message_test](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/main/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py#L1436-L1478)\n\n### Remediation and Mitigation\nA mitigation is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n* protobuf-python(4.25.8, 5.29.5, 6.31.1)",
  "id": "GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7",
  "modified": "2025-06-16T16:02:58Z",
  "published": "2025-06-16T16:02:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4565"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/main/python/google/protobuf/internal/decoder_test.py#L87-L98"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/main/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py#L1436-L1478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/main/python#implementation-backends"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "protobuf-python has a potential Denial of Service issue"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "paragonie/sodium_compat"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "paragonie/sodium_compat"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.24.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "PyNaCl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "hdwallet"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.6.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69277"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-06T17:12:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-31T06:15:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "libsodium before ad3004e, in atypical use cases involving certain custom cryptography or untrusted data to crypto_core_ed25519_is_valid_point, mishandles checks for whether an elliptic curve point is valid because it sometimes allows points that aren\u0027t in the main cryptographic group.\n\nThis advisoory lists packages in the GitHub Advisory Database\u0027s [supported ecosystems](https://github.com/github/advisory-database?tab=readme-ov-file#supported-ecosystems) that are affected by this vulnerability due to a vulnerable dependency.",
  "id": "GHSA-mrfv-m5wm-5w6w",
  "modified": "2026-01-07T18:30:24Z",
  "published": "2025-12-31T06:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69277"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/issues/920"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hdwallet-io/python-hdwallet/pull/124"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jedisct1/libsodium/commit/ad3004ec8731730e93fcfbbc824e67eadc1c1bae"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/paragonie/sodium_compat/commit/2cb48f26130919f92f30650bdcc30e6f4ebe45ac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/paragonie/sodium_compat/commit/4714da6efdc782c06690bc72ce34fae7941c2d9f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/commit/96314884d88d1089ff5f336dba61d7abbcddbbf7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/commit/ecf41f55a3d8f1e10ce89c61c4b4d67f3f4467cf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://00f.net/2025/12/30/libsodium-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/paragonie/sodium_compat/2025-12-30.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/paragonie/sodium_compat"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ianix.com/pub/ed25519-deployment.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00004.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46435614"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "libsodium has Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "pyopenssl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.14.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "26.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27448"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-636"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-16T15:15:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T00:16:19Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "If a user provided callback to `set_tlsext_servername_callback` raised an unhandled exception, this would result in a connection being accepted. If a user was relying on this callback for any security-sensitive behavior, this could allow bypassing it.\n\nUnhandled exceptions now result in rejecting the connection.\n\nCredit to **Leury Castillo** for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-vp96-hxj8-p424",
  "modified": "2026-03-19T18:28:02Z",
  "published": "2026-03-16T15:15:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/security/advisories/GHSA-vp96-hxj8-p424"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27448"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/commit/d41a814759a9fb49584ca8ab3f7295de49a85aa0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/blob/358cbf29c4e364c59930e53a270116249581eaa3/CHANGELOG.rst#L27"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "pyOpenSSL allows TLS connection bypass via unhandled callback exception in set_tlsext_servername_callback"
}